Ingenieur Vol.82 April-June2020 | Page 56

INGENIEUR of recovery and recycling of plastic waste. These trends are likely to continue, but some significant challenges still exist from both technological factors and economic or social behaviour issues relating to plastic waste recycling. Recycling of a wider range of post-consumer plastic packaging, together with plastic waste from consumer goods is an opportunity to enable improvement in the recovery rates of plastic waste and diversion from landfills. Best practices in plastic waste management will certainly support economic growth and societal well-being by enabling a cleaner, resilient, productive and sustainable environment. Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank En Suderman Abu Sujak and En Khairul Azmi Mohd Yunus from SWCorp, Perlis for their helpful information on solid waste management in Malaysia. REFERENCE [1] M Garside, Global plastic production 1950- 2018, 2019. [2] How Plastics Are Made. American Chemistry Council Inc. 2005-2020, Retrieved from Inc. https://plastics.americanchemistry.com/ How-Plastics-Are-Made/ [3] Single-Use Plastics: A Roadmap for Sustainability, United Nation Environmental Programme (UNEP), 2018. [4] Malaysians Plastics Manufacturer Association (MPMA) & Malaysian Plastic Recyclers Association (MPRA), An Advanced Plastic Recycling Industry for Malaysia, 2019. Retrieved from http://mpma.org.my/v4/wp- content/uploads/2019/09/White-Paper- FINALR.pdf [5] Department of Statistic Malaysia, 2020. [6] Solid Waste Management Malaysia Compendium 2019, Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Corporation (SWCorp). [7] Malaysia’s Roadmap Towards Zero Single- Use Plastics 2018-2030: Towards a sustainable future, Ministry Of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment & Climate Change (MESTECC), Malaysia, 2018. [8] CNBC (2019) Malaysia to send back plastic waste to foreign nations. Retrieved fromhttps://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/29/ malaysia-to-send-back-plastic-waste-toforeign-nations.html. [9] Pickering SJ, (2006). Recycling technologies for thermoset composite materials—current status. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 37(8), 1206–1215. [10] Zhang J, Chevali VS, Wang W and Wang C, (2020). Current status of carbon fibre and carbon fibre composites recycling. Composites Part B: Engineering 193 [11] Sultan AA, Lou E and Mativenga PT (2017). What should be recycled: An integrated model for product recycling desirability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 154, 51–60. [12] Job S, Leeke G, Mativenga PT, Oniveux G, Pickering S, & Shuaib NA, (2016). Composites Recycling: Where are we now? Herts. Retrieved from https://compositesuk.co.uk/ system/files/documents/Recycling%20 Report%202016.pdf. [13] The Star (2019). The world’s rubbish bin’ – 17mil kg of rubbish in Jenjarom, BBC. Retrieved from https://www.thestar.com. my/news/environment/2019/02/13/bbcreports-17mil-kg-of-rubbish-in-jenjarom. [14] Wagner TP, (2013). Examining the concept of convenient collection: an application to extended producer responsibility and product stewardship frameworks. Waste Management, New York, N.Y., 33(3), 499– 507. [15] Atasu A, Van Wassenhove LN, & Sarvary M, (2009). Efficient take-back legislation. Production and Operations Management, 18(3), 243–258. [16] MATRADE, 2019. Top 10 Major Import Products. Retrieved from http://www. matrade.gov.my/en/for-foreign-buyers/ industry-capabilities/trade statistics/28- malaysian-exporters/trade-statistics/4545- top-10-major-import-products-2019. [17] Drzygza O and Prieto A, (2019) Plastic waste management, a matter for the ‘community’. Microb Biotechnol. 12(1): 66–68. [18] Wei R and Zimmermann W, (2017) Microbial enzymes for the recycling of recalcitrant petroleum based plastics: how far are we? Microb Biotechnol 10: 1308–1322. 54 VOL 82 APRIL-JUNE 2020