Hacking Process
mix of broken tiles and concrete
Refurbishment Activities lead to Generation of Waste
Knockdown
Fixing new floor tile
Fixing new wall tile
Painting
Changing the old fitting
Construct new structure
Construct/changing/install of fence/
door/window
mix of broken concrete, bricks, tiles
broken tiles, extra new tiles,
extra from cutting process
broken tiles, extra new tiles,
extra from cutting process
extra paint
bulky waste (cabinet, water closet,
kolah, others)
wood, concrete, brick
baldock mesh, existing main gate, fence, door,
grill, mako
Construct/changing the roof
extra monier, broken roof,
mixed broken concrete (beam)
Packaging
boxes, plastics, tin cans, others
Figure 2: Types of waste generated from various types of refurbishment activities
concrete and bricks. Based on consultations with
contractors, it was reported that knowing the
refurbishment activities in a project is important for
the contractor before the refurbishment process
starts because the contractor needs to forecast the
type and volume of refurbishment waste generated
from the project. The contractors need to estimate
the cost of disposal of waste to be included in the
overall project cost even though the contractors are
well aware that at times the project situation could
change drastically due to the client’s demands and
needs.
Case Study on Site Management
Practices and Waste Generation
The case study identified seven factors that
contribute to refurbishment waste generation
through on-site management practices such as
procurement, material handling, service, residual,
human resource, management and site condition
as described in Table 1.
Next the rankings from the survey were evaluated
using the RII Equation and the results were evaluated
as shown in Table 2. It can be seen that two factors
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