Ingenieur Vol.79 July-Sept 2019 ingenieur 2019 july-sept | Page 69

Wherever new technologies have properly permeated this fragmented industry, the outlook is an almost 20% reduction in total life-cycle costs of a project, as well as substantial improvements in completion time, quality, and safety. infrastructure projects, building a major new underground line across London: the designers and engineers are using a centralized set of linked BIM databases to integrate about 1.7 million CAD files into a single information model. During the actual Construction phase, drones survey and inspect the construction site. 3D printers prefabricate many of the building components. GPS and radio-frequency identification (RFID) are used for tracking the materials, equipment, and workers, in order to then optimise flows and inventory levels. Robots and autonomous vehicles do much of the actual building work. 3D laser scanning or aerial mapping is used for comparing work-in-progress against a virtual model, thereby enabling prompt course corrections and minimizing corrective work. Take the case of a Japanese equipment manufacturer that has developed fully autonomous bulldozers, led by drones that map the area in real- time to provide data on the workload. During the operations phase, embedded sensors continue to monitor any given part of an asset, checking for deterioration, facilitating predictive maintenance, and continually updating a central database. Augmented reality is used for guiding maintenance crews. Big data – on traffic movements, electricity consumption, and so on – are collected digitally, and are subjected to advanced analytics, in order to optimize decision-making and generally boost operational efficiency. By way of illustration, consider the approach taken by the Japanese building service provider NTT Facilities to the inspection, maintenance and repair of their R&D premises: by integrating the BIM model into the building’s facility and asset management system, and making intelligent use of this combined resource, the company was able to reduce the cost of operations and maintenance by an estimated 20%. Gathering momentum On average, uptake of these transformative technologies has been slow initially. They have faced some resistance to adoption, and some companies that do deploy them have struggled to capture all the potential benefits. The obstacles are being overcome, however. More and more companies are now embracing the opportunities, with productivity starting to rise and promising to soar. Within ten years, according to our estimates, full-scale digitalisation will lead to huge annual global cost savings. For non-residential construction, those savings will be USD0.7 trillion to USD1.2 trillion (13% to 21%) in the design & engineering and construction phases; and USD0.3 trillion to USD0.5 trillion (10% to 17%) in the operations phase. Note that the productivity gains will vary not only across the life-cycle phases but also across the sub-sectors: vertical, industrial, and infrastructure. The gap between digital leaders and laggards is widening – for construction companies themselves, for technology providers, and also for Governments in their role as project owners and regulators. All these stakeholders need to master the dynamics, upgrade their competencies and investments, and adapt their processes and attitudes, or risk losing out competitively. 67