Ingenieur Vol.79 July-Sept 2019 ingenieur 2019 july-sept | Page 62

INGENIEUR Figure 5: Combined effort of Government, University and Industry ii. to continuously innovate products or services to improve sustainability and capability to compete successfully in the market. While pursuing these roles, industry leaders must maintain integrity and ethics and comply with rules and regulations of environmental protection. Conclusion The roles of each stakeholder, Government, university and industry, if cleverly blended and orchestrated, can support each other to drive the common objective of achieving effective implementation of sustainable product design by meeting needs as well as lessening the impact on the environment and ensuring the wellbeing of future generations. Figure 5 illustrates the combined effort of these key drivers and their respective roles. Case Study – The Electric Car The invention of automobiles with internal combustion engines powered by fossil fuels like gasoline and diesel has greatly improved human mobility and lifestyle. However, the exponential 6 60 VOL VOL 79 55 JULY-SEPTEMBER JUNE 2013 2019 increase in the number of automobiles on the roads has caused a significant amount of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to be released into the environment. This causes global warming and climate change, threatening the planet’s ecosystem. In the recent decade, various sustainable designs have been attempted using electrical energy to power automobiles like the car. Electrical energy from rechargeable batteries is used to power electrical motors, which drives the engine of the car, emitting no harmful gases. In addition, almost all the components, including the rechargeable battery, of electric cars are recyclable. It is thus considered a sustainable product. Electric cars were first produced in the 19 th century but faced many challenges mainly due to insufficient battery storage capacity to achieve adequate cruising distance before needing to be recharged, durability, safety issues and high production costs. However, the combined involvement of Governments, universities and industries injected new motivation and in 2008, a renaissance in electric car demand occurred. Government Intervention In meeting the commitment to protect the environment, many countries have adopted policies and set mandates to ban the sale of gasoline- or diesel-powered cars in the future, notably,