INGENIEUR
Smoke emitting from the exhausts of a ship
and stored , or reused . Negligible amounts are produced due to a lack of capture projects .
Grey hydrogen is the most common form of hydrogen production . It comes from natural gas via steam methane reformation but without emissions capture .
Brown hydrogen is the cheapest way to make hydrogen but also the most environmentally damaging due to the use of thermal coal in the production process .
Turquoise hydrogen uses a process called methane pyrolysis to produce hydrogen and solid carbon . It is not proven at scale and there are concerns around methane leakage .
Marine Renewable Energy – Strait Times
The shipping sector is often referred to as the lifeblood of the global economy and a determinant of economic growth . It is estimated that shipping accounts for over eight per cent of global trade , which is handled by ports all over the world . However , the shipping sector is also seen as a major contributor to air pollution .
Fossil fuels used by ships have a significant carbon dioxide ( CO 2
) content , which contributes to global warming and climate change . The International Renewable Energy Agency ( Irena ) has published a report on the impact of shipping
activities on CO 2 emissions . The shipping sector contributes four to five per cent of all CO 2 emissions .
Furthermore , the sector is responsible for three per cent of the world ’ s greenhouse gas ( GHG ) emissions and 90 % of global emissions attributable to transportation . This is alarming since the figure is expected to rise in tandem with the development of global trade .
According to the International Maritime Organisation ( IMO ), the sector must utilise clean and ecologically favourable energy sources . The International Conference for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships ( Marpol ) has outlined regulations for the prevention of air pollution by ships under Annex VI .
Since 2010 , Malaysia has adopted and implemented Annex VI of Marpol to reduce pollution from merchant ships at sea . The subsection under Annex VI which governs energy efficiency for ships further mandates ship owners to better CO 2 emissions by improving the design , planning , operation , and monitoring of the ships . Merchant ships with a gross tonnage of 400 or more are subject to the rules to limit CO 2 emissions that degrade the environment .
With the introduction of marine RE , the shipping sector is no longer completely reliant on non-renewable fossil fuel supplies . This can indirectly secure our position as a global supply chain shipping hub .
52 VOL 91 JULY-SEPTEMBER 2022