Ingenieur Vol 80 ingenieur 2019 octoberfinal | Page 61

The hazard map was developed with 0.5m spatial resolution that combines different types of landslide. Based on the landslide inventory map in the study area, the landslide hazard map was developed using data on the majority rotational/translational landslides (61%), followed by rockfall (18%) and debris flow (15%). Based on this information, the landslide hazard map can be used for vulnerability and risk assessments, which rely on the fact that the selected areas only contain rotational and translational landslides. The landslide hazard maps have been classified onto five classes namely very low, low, medium, high and very high hazard (Figure 3.5 and Figure 3.6). Based on the map, the worst-case landslide hazard class is assigned for each polygon of CI. BUILDING AT RINGLET NO. OF BUILDINGS Total Building 334 Hazard Building at Hazard (Low) Building at Hazard (Medium) Building at Hazard (High) Building at Hazard (Very High) 12 81 164 77 Vulnerability Building at Vulnerability (Moderate) Building at Vulnerability (High) 332 2 Risk Building at Risk (Medium) Building at Risk (High) 91 243 Table 3.2: Statistics of buildings from Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk maps at Ringlet. Vulnerability and Risk Index for the Entire CI The landslide vulnerability map produced for buildings at Ringlet (Figure 3.7) shows that most of the buildings were categorised in the Moderate class. There were however, two buildings (from a total of 334) that were categorised in the High Vulnerability class (Table 3.2). For the landslide risk map, among all the building in this area, 91 were categorised as Medium risk while the rests (243 buildings) were identified as High risk. For the map of landslide vulnerability of roads at Lembah Bertam, the analysis produced only two types of classes: Moderate and High classes. Among these, most of the roads here were categorised as Moderate and only a small number of roads were rated as High Vulnerability (Figure 3.9). One possible explanation for this might be that most of the roads here are located outside or away from the landslide polygons at Lembah Bertam. Roads that have been categorised as having High Vulnerability were most likely located inside landslide polygons that might have a high hazard as well. The risk map of the roads in this area produced three types of risk classes: Medium, High and Very High. The roads in the flat area (i.e. centre of study area) were categorised as Medium Risk and the same roads that had High Vulnerability appeared to be categorised as Very High Level of risk. Details of road length from each class for Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk maps can be found in Table 3.2. For the vulnerability of roads in Ringlet (Figure 3.10), similar comments can be made showing the Moderate class dominated this area. However, there were three types of vulnerability classes which also include Low and High Vulnerability, apart from Moderate classes. There were only a few roads that were categorised in the Low and High classes. For example, the roads that were categorised as High Vulnerability were located in the northern region of the study area. For the risk map of the roads in this area (Figure 3.11), four classes were produced; Low, Medium, High and Very High. Most of the roads were categorised as having High Risk, followed by Medium Risk and Low Risk, with Very High Risk appeared to be the lowest among all (i.e. only 816in length from a total of 40,619m road length) (Table 3.3). For the vulnerability of the TNB Powerline at Ringlet, only five pylon units were available and analysed in this study (all located at the southern region of study area). Among these five, all of them were categorised in the Moderate class of vulnerability (Figure 3.13). As for risk, all these five units were categorised as having High Risk (Figure 3.14). For the TNB powerline in Lembah Bertam, there were nine pylon units, and the results indicate that eight of them were categorised in the Moderate class of vulnerability and only one unit as High Vulnerability (Figure 3.15). For the risk, all the nine pylon units in this study area were categorised as having High Risk (Figure 3.16). 59