Ingenieur Vol 80 ingenieur 2019 octoberfinal | Page 23

Figure 6: New technologies and applications that can be considered for research and development by Engineering Service Organisations in the aerospace industry 8   programmes embedded in engineering software and tools. Many of the engineering calculations can be laboriously manual or slow due to lack of computational power in workstations. These engineering calculations can be expedited by introducing small programmes that eliminate the repetitious calculations or by linking them with other computational systems to resolve complicated problems. b) Productivity Improvements Improving productivity should be one of the main drivers for reducing operating costs and increasing profitability. Productivity initiatives are designed to reduce time taken to complete a task with the minimum amount of resources to achieve it. They normally involve a combination of automation and process improvement activities so as to maximise the impact on the bottom line. Process improvement activities can be as simple as 5S initiatives (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, Shitsuke), continuous improvements (Kaizen), waste reduction (Muda) or as complex as Six Sigma methodologies. The other course of action for engineering service organisations to remain business viable would be to develop new business models in order to capture new customers for new emerging applications where the competition is still non-existent or weak. Knowledge-based 21