Ingenieur Vol 80 ingenieur 2019 octoberfinal | Page 57

Eye-opening facts we did not know about aviation (Source: BRIGHT SIDE) a. Why are aircraft windows round? In the beginning of the 1950s, de Havilland developed “Comet”, the world’s first commercial jet airliner. It was literally a miracle. But a year later, it fell to pieces in the sky. In the next several months, two more airplanes crashed. Engineers conducted a diagnosis of each screw of the aircraft and found the problem: the windows were square. The thing is, pressure builds more around the corners of square windows and this pressure only increases during a flight. Therefore it was decided to make windows round. Thanks to this decision, flights are much safer now. b. Why do airplanes have curved wing tips? During a flight, the pressure is lower on top of the wing than it is under the wing. The air tends to move from the high pressure below the wing to the low pressure above the wing around the wingtips. In the past, wingtips were straight, and the airflow caused severe turbulence. So scientists decided to bend the wingtips upward to reduce turbulence, prolong the wings’ durability, and save a lot of fuel during travel. Thanks to this feature, we feel more comfortable during a flight. c. Why do planes have different nose shapes? The nose of military aircraft is pointed. The sharper the nose is, the faster an aircraft is. But a longer nose keeps pilots from seeing the runway properly, that’s why passenger jets have rounded noses. But Russian engineers solved this problem in the 60s. They invented the fastest passenger jet that was able to tilt its nose. While taking off and landing, the aircraft tilted its nose downward. During a flight, the nose was brought back to its starting position. This strange design has a purpose: it helps pilots see the runway better. d. Why are airplanes oddly shaped? You’ve probably heard about an aircraft that is also called a stealth aircraft. It’s oddly shaped for one simple reason: its shape makes it less visible to radar, sonar, infrared, and other detection ‟ Designers use several tricks to make aircrafts look bigger and more spacious than they actually are. For example, the walls have a certain shape to reflect the light correctly. The illumination between the ceiling and overhead bins makes the ceiling visually higher. methods. What’s more, it allows the aircraft to carry more luggage and consume less fuel. The aircraft’s shape was inspired by birds. Predatory birds use this position to increase their flight range and become less visible. Such aircrafts are too expensive so they aren’t used in civil aviation. e. How do planes look spacious? Designers use several tricks to make aircrafts look bigger and more spacious than they actually are. For example, the walls have a certain shape to reflect the light correctly. The illumination between the ceiling and overhead bins makes the ceiling visually higher. Thanks to these tricks, it is easier for people who suffer from claustrophobia to travel by plane. f. Why don’t pilots have beards? Some airlines don’t allow pilots to have beards. The thing is, facial hair may stop the oxygen mask from fitting securely on the pilot’s face and operating properly. In case of an emergency, pilots must stay conscious to be able to save people’s lives. 55