Ingenieur Vol 80 ingenieur 2019 octoberfinal | Page 10

INGENIEUR USD8.1 trillion a year ago. The commercial aircraft sector is buoyed by an aircraft order backlog that remains at an all-time high of more than 14,000 planes in 2019. The BMO includes a USD3.1 trillion projected demand for commercial airplanes through 2028 as operators replace older jets with more capable and fuel-efficient models, and expand their fleets to accommodate the steady rise in air travel across emerging and established markets. The BMO also projects USD2.5 trillion of defence and space opportunities during the next decade as Governments modernise military platforms and systems, pursue new technologies and capabilities and accelerate exploration from sea to space. The projected spending – spanning military aircraft, autonomous systems, satellites, spacecraft and other products – continues to be global in nature with 40% of expenditures expected to originate outside of the United States. BMO also unveiled a longer-term forecast that delves deeper into the market for commercial airplanes and services. The newest forecast shows growing passenger volumes and increasing airplane retirements will drive the need for 44,040 new jets, valued at USD6.8 trillion over the next two decades. The helicopter market is also expanding with an expected demand of more than 22,000 helicopters over the same number of years. The global commercial airplane fleet will also sustain the need for aviation services valued at USD9.1 trillion, leading to a total commercial market opportunity of USD16 trillion through 2038. Airbus estimates that over the next 20 years, the maintenance, repair and operations sector will be worth USD120 billion annually. The knock-on effect means the aviation industry will need an extra 548,000 technicians. Boeing predicts more than 640,000 will be needed. Based on the various reports, the projected market expansion of aerospace and defence spending is likely to increase, giving rise to opportunities for the aerospace industry worldwide. Malaysia should take this opportunity to expand its existing aerospace industry players and products. Figure 1 shows the 2017 standing of countries that are involved in aerospace industry. Malaysia is on the chart, thanks in part to an agreement signed between the Malaysian Government and British Aerospace Engineering 8 6 VOL 2019 VOL 80 55 OCTOBER-DECEMBER JUNE 2013 (BAE) Systems PLC in 1990 (SME Aerospace, 2019), which initiated the Aerospace Industry in Malaysia. Malaysia should heed and take advantage of the trends in aerospace engineering predicted by many in the industry. The A&D industry trends initiating this change are driven by social, political and technological shifts — such as environmental regulations, rising fuel costs and advances in batteries, sensors and connectivity. These shifts are all leading to the development of autonomous, efficient and more electric aircraft. The trends in aerospace engineering and industry are as follows: 1. Stronger focus on the Asia-Pacific region and developing closer engagements with the A&D supply chain; 2. Light weight composite materials to increase efficiency; 3. Autonomous Flight Systems; 4. Flying commuters, not just cars but other means of transport; 5. Craft to craft communication; 6. Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) technology; 7. Focus on artificial intelligence (AI), augmented by virtual reality (AR/VR), data analytics, advanced sensors and Internet of Things (IoT); 8. Modernisation of old systems with a focus on the size, weight, power concepts; and 9. Steady implementation of More-Electric Aircraft (MEA) leading to an incremental, but not immediate transition towards the All-Electric Aircraft (AEA). MALAYSIAN AEROSPACE INDUSTRY Malaysia has come a long way in becoming a significant player in the global aerospace industry. The Malaysian Aerospace Manufacturing Industry initiative began in 1990, when the Malaysian Government decided to procure 28 BAE Hawk aircraft. Part of the contract was a technology transfer programme to manufacture aircraft parts and assemblies in Malaysia. As a result, SME Aerospace was established in 1992 to manufacture the Hawk pylon and the aerostructure of the MD3 Aero Tiga aircraft as the launch programme for the Aerospace Manufacturing