INGENIEUR
Stakeholders
a) Developers/Project proponents
b) Planners
c) Architects
d) Engineers
e) Contractors
f) Tradesmen
g) Site Supervisors
h) PTD (land officers).
Common/Possible Causes of Building
Failures or On-site Accidents
Supply Chain of the Construction
Industry
At each of these phases, different stakeholders
and different regulatory bodies are empowered
under different applicable laws. This review
will examine each of these phases to identify
common or possible causes of building failures
or site accidents.
The supply chain of the construction industry
involves the following phases:
a) Development project inception,
b) Land conversion,
c) Planning approval,
d) Building plan approval (including
earthworks utilities/infra),
e) Procurement process,
f) Construction,
g) Building delivery (Certificate of Fitness
or CFO/Certificate of Completion and
Compliance or CCC),
h) Maintenance and management,
i) Periodical inspection, and
j) Demolition.
From literature reviews, past failures can be
attributed during any phase of supply chain of
property development to any of the stakeholders
stated above although the probability of
occurrence differs. For ease of documentation,
the causes of failure/incidence are categorised in
Figure 1.
Development Project Inception Stage
a) Project proponent carrying out structure work
without professional input within Local Authority
areas or outside Local Authority areas.
Street, Drainage and Building Act (SDBA) 1974
and the Uniform Building By-laws (UBBL) regulate
Local Authority areas whereas construction works
outside Local Authority areas are not within their
jurisdiction. In fact, many structures outside Local
Supply chain of
construction industry
Stakeholders Responsible
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Project conception
Land conversion
Planning permission
Building plan
Procurement
Construction stage
Building delivery (CFO/CCC)
Maintenance & Management
Periodical Inspection
Demolition
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BUILDING
FAILURE
VOL
2019
VOL 78
55 APRIL-JUNE
JUNE 2013
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Figure 1
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Developer / owner
Architect
Contractor
Planner
Engineer
Tradesmen
Site Supervisor
Land Officer
Local Authority