Ingenieur Vol 61 January-March 2015 | Page 47

programmes. In order to support and facilitate the work in this area, APEC should explore the establishment of an ‘expert group’ on value-added trade to help member economies undertake trade policy capacity research, exchange information, develop approaches to statistics collection, and conduct focused capacity building efforts.   3. Realise the critical role of trade in service within GVCs. We shall continue on-going work to promote open, efficient, and internationallycompetitive service sectors, and maximise the contribution that services can make to strong, resilient and reliable supply chains in this region. We need to conduct targeted capacity building to help economies better understand and stimulate the development of innovative services within GVCs, and build on shared information among economies. We will work with economies at all stages of development to create an open and competitive environment for services development.   4. Enable developing economies to better participate in GVCs. In light of the diversity of APEC member economies, we recognise that comprehensive economic and technical cooperation will play a key role in ensuring greater participation of developing economies in GVCs, and help them achieve their domestic economic objectives. We will integrate economic and technical co-operation into the paths identified for future development, and further leverage cooperation activities, including targeted capacitybuilding programmes for helping developing economies enter and move up GVCs. Examples of these include public-private GVC collaboration partnerships, programmes on human resource development, and further work on technology dissemination and commercialising creative content. We will emphasise and adopt a multi-year strategic plan based on the core agenda of APEC and employ goals-oriented, focused approaches.   5. Assist Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to benefit from GVCs. We shall develop and implement initiatives to assist our SMEs in the areas that matter most to GVCs: infrastructure, supply chain connectivity, innovation, skills, and adoption of international standards. We will take steps to enhance capacity building activities and raise SMEs understanding of how to participate in GVCs. APEC shall achieve this by facilitating SMEs access to trade and investment related information via increased utilisation of information and communication technologies (ICTs),enhancing intellectual property protection, and providing further information on tools and processes that would help them enter and move up GVCs. APEC will also foster linkages between SMEs and MNEs by helping our economies build an open and transparent regulatory and investment climates.   6. Improve the investment climate for GVCs Development.  We recognise the importance of adopting and maintaining laws, regulations, and practices that facilitate investment. We reaffirm the importance of continued efforts to improve the investment climate in the APEC region. This includes taking concrete steps to facilitate investment as per existing APEC investment documents, such as the APEC Non-Binding Investment Principles, the APEC Investment Strategy and the APEC Investment Facilitation Action Plan (IFAP). APEC will help economies:implement sound investment strategies ●● which deal with investment applications expeditiously, fairly, and equitably; and facilitate investment through creating ●● and maintaining transparent and sound administration procedures that apply for the lifetime of the investment.   7. Adopt effective trade facilitation measures. We reaffirm our commitment to achieving an APEC-wide target of a 10% improvement in supply-chain performance by 2015, in terms of reduction in the time, cost, and uncertainty of moving goods and services throughout the region. Accordingly, we will further advance a capacity building programme to address the identified supply chain connectivity (SCC) chokepoints and improve the performance of supply chains. To this end, we will carry out additional concrete actions, including the establishment of an APEC Supply Chain Alliance and promoting co-operation on green supply chains. We welcome the framework for advancing supply chain connectivity through mutual recognition of control, mutual assistance of enforcement and mutual sharing of information (SCC-3M) among customs agencies and other 45