over their surroundings . Lighting systems will identify occupants and adjust the intensity and colour temperature to suit individual preferences ; they will also adjust to the time of day . Climate systems will respond to individuals as well , automatically adjusting the temperature in conference rooms to the ideal average between attendees .
Bio-adaptability will help to improve occupant productivity , creativity , and potentially even health . Lighting fixtures will adjust their colour spectrum throughout the day to more closely mimic sunlight and support the circadian rhythm . And HVAC systems will monitor and adjust for ideal air quality , removing the “ sleep-inducing ” effects of a poor climate .
Predictive awareness will enable more effective and efficient mobility throughout a building , as well as use of space . Elevators will steer occupants according to the next meeting in their calendar , pre-positioning cars to minimise waiting . Conference room availability will be tracked in real time , eliminating “ phantom ” bookings and making spaces available again if attendees do not show up . Flexible workspace assignments will take a range of variables into consideration when identifying an employee “ home base ” for the day , including personal location preferences , meeting locations , and anticipated occupancy levels . And indoor positioning will enable employees to locate and rapidly route to shared spaces and assets .
Ancient way of Firefighting – Wikipedia
Roman Emperor Nero formed a group of slaves called Vigiles , in AD 60 to combat fires using bucket brigades and pumps , as well as poles , hooks and even ballistics to tear down buildings in advance of the flames . The Corps Vigils patrolled the streets of Rome to watch for fires and served as a police force . The later brigades consisted of hundreds of volunteers , all ready for action . When there was a fire , the men would line up to the nearest water source and pass buckets hand in hand to the fire .
The key breakthrough in firefighting arrived in the 17 th century with the first fire engines . Manual pumps , rediscovered in Europe after 1500 , were only force pumps and had a very short range due to the lack of hoses . German inventor , Hans
Hautsch , improved the manual pump by creating the first suction and force pump and adding some flexible hoses to the pump . In 1672 , Dutch artist and inventor Jan Van der Heyden ’ s workshop developed the fire hose .
In 1631 , Boston ’ s Governor John Winthrop outlawed wooden chimneys and thatched roofs . In 1648 , the New Amsterdam Governor Peter Stuyvesant appointed four men to act as fire wardens . They were empowered to inspect all chimneys and to fine any violators of the rules .
Although the first evidence of firefighting equipment dates back to a portable water pump found in the ruins of ancient Egypt , the first organised fire service we know of began in Rome under the rule of Augustus Caesar over 2,000 years ago .
Over 500 slaves known as the “ vigilant corps ” were dispatched every night throughout the city . Keeping watch for fires and crime , they were given badges to identify them to the guards who were tasked with killing runaway slaves .
The importance of Building Decarbonisation and Benefits for the SDGs – UNEP
Buildings and construction are a heavyweight for climate action . In 2020 , the sector accounted for 37 % of global energy-related CO 2 emissions , with over a quarter of these emissions coming from the production of building materials and construction activities , and 36 % of final energy demand ( GlobalABC , 2021 ). The sector must therefore be transformed and recognised as a critical solution provider to the climate emergency if we are to meet the SDGs and Paris Agreement objectives . In addition , the sector is critical for our economy and prosperity . Efficient buildings are one of the biggest investment opportunities , worth an estimated USD24.7 trillion by 2030 in emerging market cities ( IFC , 2019 ). The built environment is also responsible for circa 7 % of global employment or more than 200 million jobs , and accounts for 11-13 % of global GDP ( Race to Zero , The construction sector can pave the way for a green economic recovery ), and between nine and 30 jobs are created for every USD1 million invested in renovation and new construction , one of the
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