INGENIEUR
 EDITORIAL BOARD
 INGENIEUR
 EDITORIAL BOARD
 2022-2023
 PRESIDENT
 Datuk Ir . Ahmad Redza bin Ghulam Rasool
 BOARD MEMBERS
 Dato ’ Ir . Dr Md Nasir bin Md Noh Dato ’ Prof . Ir . Dr Mohd Hamdi bin Abd Shukor First Admiral ( Rtd ) Dato ’ Ir . Ahmad Murad bin Omar Dato ’ Indera Ir . Baharin bin Din Datuk Ir . Mohd Adnan bin Mohd Nor Dato ’ Ir . Dr Ahmad Anuar bin Othman Ir . Haji Mohd Hatta bin Zakaria Ir . Haji Badioezaman bin Ab Khalik Ir . Richard Anak Tajan Ir . Sundraraj a / l A . Krishnasamy Ir . Sharifah Azlina binti Raja Kamal Pasmah Ir . Mohd Khir bin Muhammad Ir . Fam Yew Hin Prof . Ir . Dr Zuhaina binti Zakaria Ar . Dr Azman bin Md . Hashim Sr Rogayah binti Yunus
 REGISTRAR
 Ir . Dr Megat Zuhairy bin Megat Tajuddin
 SECRETARY
 Ir . Hamzah bin Hashim
 EDITORIAL BOARD
 ADVISOR
 Datuk Ir . Ahmad Redza bin Ghulam Rasool
 CHAIRMAN
 First Admiral ( Rtd ) Dato ’ Ir . Ahmad Murad bin Omar
 EDITOR
 Dato ’ Ir . Fong Tian Yong
 EDITORIAL MEMBERS
 Prof . Emeritus Ir . Dr K S Kannan Ir . Prem Kumar
 The Ingenieur is published quarterly by the Board of Engineers Malaysia ( Lembaga Jurutera Malaysia ) and is distributed free to registered Professional Engineers . The statements and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the writers . BEM invites all engineers and readers to contribute relevant articles and views to the Publisher .
 PUBLISHER Lembaga Jurutera Malaysia Tingkat 17 , Ibu Pejabat JKR , Jalan Sultan Salahuddin , 50580 Kuala Lumpur . Tel : 03-2698 0590 , 03-2691 2090 Fax 03-2692 5017 e-mail : publication @ bem . org . my website : www . bem . org . my
 DESIGN AND PRODUCTION : Inforeach Communications Sdn Bhd PRINTER : Percetakan Okid Sdn Bhd , 2 Jalan SS13 / 3C , Subang Jaya Industrial Estate , 47500 Subang Jaya , Selangor
 2 VOL 94 APRIL-JUNE 2023