Indian Politics & Policy Volume 3, Number 1, Spring 2020 | Page 33

Economic Evaluations and the Incumbent Vote in India’s Parliamentary Elections (2014, 2019)
Notes
1 I thank Sanjay Kumar (Lokniti, CSDS) for generously sharing NES data. I also thank two
anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. All errors remain my own.
2 Raymond Duch, “Comparative Studies of the Economy and the Vote,” in The Oxford Handbook
of Comparative Politics, ed. Charles Boix and Susan Stokes (New York: Oxford University
Press, 2007); Michael Lewis-Beck and Mary Stegmaier, “Economic Models of the Vote,” in The
Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior, ed. Russell Dalton and Hans-Dieter Klingemann (New
York: Oxford University Press, 2007); Raymond Duch and Randolph Stevenson, The Economic
Vote: How Political and Economic Institutions Condition Election Results (Cambridge, UK:
Cambridge University Press, 2008); Thiago Silva and Guy D. Whitten, “Clarity of Responsibility
and Vote Choice,” The SAGE Handbook of Electoral Behaviour 1 (2017): 80–91.
3 Duch and Stevenson, The Economic Vote.
4 John Ferejohn, “Incumbent Performance and Electoral Control,” Public Choice 50 (1986):
5–25.
5 Alberto Alesina and Howard Rosenthal, Partisan Politics, Divided Government, and the Economy
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995).
6 Bingham Powell and Guy Whitten, “A Cross-National Analysis of Economic Voting: Taking
Account of the Political Context,” American Journal of Political Science 37 (1993): 391–414;
Larry Bartels and John Zaller, “Presidential Vote Models: A Recount,” Political Science and
Politics 34 (2001): 9–19.
7 Michael Lewis-Beck, Economics and Elections: The Major Western Democracies (Ann Arbor:
University of Michigan Press, 1988); Duch and Stevenson, 1; Michael Lewis-Beck, Richard
Nadeau, and Angelo Elias, “Economics, Party, and the Vote,” American Journal of Political
Science 52 (2008): 84–95; D. Roderic Kiewiet, Macroeconomics and Micropolitics: The Electoral
Effects of Economic Issues (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983).
8 Kiewiet, Macroeconomics and Micropolitics.
9 Michael Alvarez and Jonathan Nagler, “Economics, Entitlements, and Social Issues: Voter
Choice in the 1996 Presidential Election,” American Journal of Political Science 42 (1998):
1349–63.
10 Duch and Stevenson, 1.
11 Lewis-Beck, Nadeau, and Elias, “Economics, Party, and the Vote,” 84
12 K.C. Suri, “The Economy and Voting in the 15th Lok Sabha Elections,” Economic and Political
Weekly 44 (2009): 64–70.
13 Ibid., 69.
14 Donald Stokes, “Spatial Models of Party Competition,” American Political Science Review 57
(1963): 368-77; Ruth Dassoneville and Michael Lewis-Beck, “Economic Policy Voting and
Incumbency: Unemployment in Western Europe,” Political Science Research and Methods1
(2013): 53–66.
15 J. Scott Long, Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables (New York:
SAGE Publications, 1997); Fred Pampel, Logistic Regression: A Primer (Thousand Oaks: SAGE
Publications, 2000).
29