Indian Politics & Policy Volume 1, Number 2, Fall 2018 | Page 47

Indian Politics & Policy
26, 2002; Nayak and Krepon, “U.S. Crisis Management in South Asia’s Twin Peaks Crisis,” 19.
Musharraf recalls that he “personally conveyed messages to Prime Minister Vajpayee through
every international leader who came to Pakistan, that if Indian troops moved a single step
across the international border or Line of Control, they should not expect a conventional war
from Pakistan.” Mistry, “Tempering Optimism about Nuclear Deterrence in South Asia,” 171.
87 Chari, Cheema, and Cohen, Four Crises and a Peace Process, 154.
88 Narang, Nuclear Strategy in the Modern Era, 275.
89 G.V. Gireesh, “Game of Patience,” Outlook, May 27, 2002, 34-39.
90 Rahul Roy-Chaudhury, “Nuclear Doctrine, Declaratory Policy, and Escalation Control,” in
Escalation Control and the Nuclear Option in South Asia, ed. Michael Krepon, Rodney W.
Jones, and Ziad Haider (Washington, DC: Stimson Center, 2004), 109.
91 Sood and Sawhney, Operation Parakram, 82-83. Pakistan also moved its nuclear-capable
missiles in May. Mistry, “Tempering Optimism,” 172.
92 Feroz Hassan Khan, Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistani Bomb (Stanford: Stanford
University Press, 2012), 350.
93 Nayak and Krepon, “U.S. Crisis Management in South Asia’s Twin Peaks Crisis,” 55. Also see
Rahul Bedi, “The Military Dynamics,” Frontline, June 8–21, 2002.
94 Nayak and Krepon, “U.S. Crisis Management in South Asia’s Twin Peaks Crisis,” 33-36. A
former U.S. official, Bruce Riedel, recounts that both Powell and Armitage later told him “that
they thought that war was a very real danger and that if it began, it would go to the brink of
nuclear war, if not over.” Avoiding Armageddon, 151.
95 “A Surgical Strike Is the Answer,” Outlook, June 10, 2002.
96 Nayak and Krepon, “U.S. Crisis Management in South Asia’s Twin Peaks Crisis,” 33.
97 Cohen, When Proliferation Causes Peace, 141.
98 Ganguly and Hagerty, Fearful Symmetry, 177-80.
99 Rahul Bedi and Anton La Guardia, “Pakistan Steps Back from Brink,” Daily Telegraph, June 8,
2002.
100 “Musharraf: Here’s What I’ll Do,” Washington Post, June 23, 2002.
101 “Spokesman Richard Boucher,” State Department Daily Briefing, October 31, 2002, https://
2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/prs/dpb/2002/14832.htm
102 Lancaster, “Pakistan to Follow India in Removing Troops from Border.”
103 “Musharraf: Here’s What I’ll Do”; “Vajpayee: Keep Your Promise,” Washington Post, June 23,
2002; Christina B. Rocca, Assistant Secretary of State for South Asian Affairs, “Deepening US
Engagement in South Asia,” remarks to the American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC,
October 10, 2002.
104 Nayak and Krepon, Unfinished Crisis, 1; Angel Rabasa et al., The Lessons of Mumbai (Santa
Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2009), 4; Riedel, Avoiding Armageddon, 5;
105 MacDonald, Defeat Is an Orphan, 203; Menon, Choices, 60; Tankel, Storming the World Stage,
215.
44