IM 2020 April 20 | Page 38

MINING TRUCKS There will soon be over 200 Komatsu 980E trucks running in North and South America Fort Hills), Antamina and Toquepala in Peru, plus Spence and Collahuasi in Chile amongst others. On the model’s development, the company told IM: “Prior to development, Komatsu obtained voice of customer data from major mining customers utilising 400 ton trucks and the response was common among all: ‘Komatsu needs to develop a 400 ton truck with the performance and availability of the 930E.’ And that’s what we did. Customers in North America and Latin America have praised the products mechanical availability, fuel efficiency and ease of maintenance.” There are also several fleets of 980Es utilising, or is in the process of converting to, AHS technology in North and South America. Komatsu also has well over 200 units of autonomous 830Es and 930Es operating in North America, South America and Australia. Komatsu autonomous equipment has moved 2 billion tons of material since the first AHS test in 2007. The list of AHS references includes in the oil sands Fort Hills operation (Suncor 54.11%), plus Suncor’s own Base mine, then in coal the Teck Elkview operation, the Vale Carajas iron ore complex in Brazil, the original deployment site of Codelco’s Gabriela Mistral copper mine in Chile, BHP Goonyella plus a series of RTIO ops in WA including Hope Downs 4, West Angelas, Nammuldi/Silvergrass, Brockman 4 and Hope Downs 1. Komatsu also has a rich history with trolley assist that has spanned almost four decades including as part of its truck business predecessor, Haulpak. Komatsu currently offers trolley assist on all of its electric drive mining trucks namely the 730E, 830E, 860E, 930E, 960E and 980E. Traditionally, the 960E and 860E and latterly the 36 International Mining | APRIL 2020 730E have all been trucks of choice for trolley applications in Africa, notably at sites such as Rossing Uranium and Kumba’s Sishen iron ore mine. The company added that in the last few years, it has seen demand increase for trolley equipped 830Es and 930Es “with the latest order heading to Europe as we speak.” This refers to a new 830E-5 trolley fleet at Boliden’s Kevitsa operation in Finland. In accordance with Boliden's development goals, the new fleet of 17 Komatsu dump trucks will include specific structural capabilities to allow them to be converted to full electrical “trolley” operation in just four weeks. “In addition to conserving energy, a central advantage of the trolley is to provide trucks with twice the speed of a diesel-electric model when driving uphill with a full payload.” Elsewhere a notable Komatsu trolley fleet is at FQM Sentinel in Zambia, where 860Es and 960Es operate in a mixed fleet with Liebherr T 284s. Long term, Komatsu says size class demand has progressed differently in each mining region. Australia has primarily maintained 250/320 t sizes with contractors opting for 200 t/240 t trucks. “Size class preference in Australia is mainly due to the mining application’s characteristics compared to other mining regions. Conversely, Latin America’s truck of choice has always been the 930E-4SE due to its speed and availability advantages over the competition. However, since the release of the 980E-5, we have seen many customers begin moving from the 930E-4SE to the 980E for its payload and superior availability compared to the competition. North America has always been a mix of size classes depending on the region. Western US Coal prefers larger trucks while western US gold and copper mines have settled in to the 250/320 t size class. Looking to the south central and eastern regions in the US, mining customers are beginning to move from 150 t to 200 t trucks if the haul roads allow.” It is also worth explaining the current Komatsu electric drive truck nomenclature. The 730E is unique in its naming convention due to the timing of its release and its history. Komatsu is in the process of releasing all new products that have the latest in mining technology and meet Tier IV regulations. In an effort to maintain a common theme among this new generation of equipment, Komatsu determined all models would receive a 5 as its dash change. The 730E-8 was released in 2013 well before the Tier IV requirements and therefore didn’t receive the 5-dash change. Komatsu had transformed the product line with a 730E-7, progressing to a 730E-8 in 2013 and this year 2020 it has released the 730E-10 equipped with Dual Choppers, a Tier IV final engine and improvements to its drive system and payload When asked if greater take up of AHS will also lead to a greater demand for the 200 to 240 t truck class, Komatsu told IM: “While autonomous is an attractive option for most miners, technology is but one variable in the equipment planning process. Ultimately, equipment sizing depends on the mines current stage of development, haul road size, depth and production goals. Komatsu is working to offer autonomous as an option across the full suite of our electric drive product line. Like most manufacturers, our product development priority relies heavily on the industries needs and demand. Autonomous was originally developed for the 830E and 930E larger due to equipment demand in those size classes. A similar scenario occurred with the development of the autonomous 980E. We will continue to monitor the equipment market for trends that indicate an immediate need for AHS on our smaller equipment.” On market trends, after 2012, mining companies began to tighten their spending and focused on their important and immediate equipment needs. Komatsu states: “Since then, capital budgeting decisions have become better planned and more structured while the determination of replacing fleets vs incremental replacement continues to depend on each mining company’s capital structure at that point in time. Komatsu’s financial arm has significantly grown since 2012 and continues to work with our customers to provide financing to help each customer reach their equipment needs when they need them. Komatsu offers equipment financing for most of the opportunities in which we participate. Equipment financing isn’t always something the customer requires but can be an attractive alternative in lieu of other financing options and is dependent on the customers immediate needs and capital structure at the time of purchase. Equipment leases and rentals are less common for larger mining equipment while financing remains a significant part of our electric drive truck proposals.” Finally, on its drive to lower emissions, Komatsu says that as the industry leader in electric drive trucks, it has been working on alternative power sources since the 1980s and has made significant strides in this sector as power technology has improved. “From trolley assist to hybrid technology, Komatsu has conducted research and development on our equipment to bring these concepts to reality. Like all of Komatsu’s equipment we will provide the highest quality