IIC Journal of Innovation 9th Edition | Page 99

Using Metrics in the Industrial IoT Value Chain to Drive Trustworthiness but are not enough to meet the needs of managing trustworthiness and creating business value. Business context and information must also be considered. Combining appropriate business metrics and information with trustworthiness understanding and metrics will allow an organization to turn data into knowledge that it can act upon to enable a dynamic and successful enterprise. measured by a metric involving the percentage of overtime (OTpercent) for processing of a production lot due to either replacing, repairing or simply reusing a defective machine: ResACmetric = 100 - OTpercent where a value of at least 80 is expected for some types of failure. Consider now a performance metric for this assembly chain: Organizations are generally concerned with managing risks, both those associated with trustworthiness aspects as well as others (for example product delay or lack of market adoption). A common approach to measuring risks is to calculate the expected value based on probabilities of events as well as the anticipated impact of the event. Leading the business while considering business mission and goals, financial metrics, risk position and trustworthiness considerations will require making complex investment decisions involving many factors. This is complicated since some trustworthiness aspects will support a business metrics and others will detract. When all factors are considered together, the tradeoffs will lead to an “acceptability zone” where all objectives are reachable (e.g., safety and performance). The details depend on the precise definitions as adopted by the business and industry in question. PerfACmetric = (expected processing time of a production lot)/(actual processing time) where a value less than 0.9 in average is considered unacceptable. It is understandable that these two metrics may depend on each other: the more resilient the assembly chain, the greater the certainty that its performance level will be stable, according to these metrics. Figure 5 illustrates a strong dependency between both, in case of hardship: Trustworthin ess properties generally have an impact on operations and business outputs. Consider an IIoT system in a factory that comprises an assembly chain. The resilience of such a system includes the resilience of its assembly chain. The resilience of the assembly chain can be - 94 - IIC Journal of Innovation