IIC Journal of Innovation 9th Edition | Page 86

Smart Manufacturing Connectivity for Brown-field Sensors Testbed Module (TPM) as a hardware-based root of trust (RoT). An endpoint without a correctly implemented RoT will lack the ability to establish confidence that it will behave as intended. The Testbed makes the factory floor more retrofit-able through architectural adaptations. The preferential scheme implements a small change to an architecture with a preexisting IO module with sensors attached to it. The IO module is simply replaced by the Y-Gateway which delivers preprocessed sensor data to the enterprise IT system in addition to the IO module’s original task of feeding the real- time control system with the sensor data. As an alternative, an additional Y-Gateway could be incorporated underneath an existing PLC, where new sensors would be attached to retrieve data not previously available. Communication security is mainly based on OPC UA’s own security mechanisms. The German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) has recently carried out an in- depth security analysis of OPC UA; the results of which confirm that “OPC UA was designed with a focus on security and does not contain systematic security vulnerabilities.” However, security always comes at some costs and thus reduces the performance of the additional connection. The Testbed determined the appropriate OPC UA security level and provided a performance benchmark. One of the findings was that TCP/IP communication using OPC UA performs in the same range as other protocols with similar security