IIC Journal of Innovation 9th Edition | Page 95

Using Metrics in the Industrial IoT Value Chain to Drive Trustworthiness risk mitigations related to trustworthiness. Care must be taken not to overinvest in trustworthiness mechanisms, however, since this can be detrimental to overall system performance, utility and cost. Connected bathroom scales provide a good everyday example of this kind of dynamic: There are many things that could be done to improve the accuracy of the scales (for example controlling for environmental humidity, adjusting for altitude, ensuring a perfectly level surface and so on), but it just doesn’t make business sense to invest this much in the pursuit of accuracy. strategy and business results. The investments to be made can relate to the “business as usual,” such as increasing production, expanding the business and so on. Investments can also be used to address trustworthiness risks either through direct investment with the aim of reducing the frequency of harmful events or by indirect methods such as purchasing insurance (to mitigate the consequences of any harmful event). Making the right investments in trustworthiness requires a detailed understanding of the IIoT system in question and also that appropriate decisions are taken regarding the needs and tradeoffs among functional, non-functional and trustworthiness requirements. Figure 2 provides some illustrative examples of the consequences of over-specifying an IIoT solution in each of the five identified aspects of trustworthiness: Figure 2: Example consequences of over specifying trustworthiness aspects Managers of a company have choices they can make with regards to the investments they make in most business-related assets. These real options have consequences to the organizational business continuity, health, - 90 - IIC Journal of Innovation