IIC Journal of Innovation 9th Edition | Page 93

Using Metrics in the Industrial IoT Value Chain to Drive Trustworthiness IIoT systems include a value chain related to the use of data. This data value chain starts with the production and collection of data from assets and their environment in the physical world. That data is then contextualized and processed to become intelligence and knowledge. This knowledge, in turn, is analyzed in a business context to translate into decisions and actions that can be used to improve or create new business operations or products in order to drive business value. Metrics defined at various stages of the data value chain can also be used to establish and manage the assurance of trustworthiness, providing confidence in the IIoT system. This is especially important in IIoT systems that can include many distributed components. This data value chain sequence is illustrated in Figure 1. I NTRODUCTION Confidence that an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) system will operate according to expectations is based on assurance that several aspects of the system are under control: security of its data and of its equipment, safety for people and assets, reliability of operations and subsystems, resilience of these in case of hardship, and privacy concerns for all kinds of personal data handled. This set of properties – security, safety, reliability, resilience, privacy – has been identified in the Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC) Industrial Internet Vocabulary Technical Report 1 , IIC Industrial Internet Reference Architecture 2 and ISO- IEC/JTC1/SC41 3 as defining the trustworthiness of a system. While these properties were looked at separately (mostly) in the past, their grouping in a single concept – trustworthiness – makes more sense in IIoT systems because of their increased interdependency. This is due to the intricacy of the digital and the physical, the level of automation and the extent to which people and processes depend on it, the overall complexity of these systems and the increased digitization and volume of data generated. Assurance of trustworthiness is established based on the IIoT data value chain. This assurance reflects measures that either prevent adverse results from occurring or anticipate and mitigate potential effects when issues occur. Regardless, the data value chain and metrics are essential to maintain confidence in the trustworthiness of the IIoT system. Trustworthiness metrics are an important concept supporting the management of trustworthiness in an IIoT system. The definition of metrics may aid in 1 The Industrial Internet of Things Volume G8: Vocabulary, IIC:PUB:G8:V2.1:PB:20180822, Version 2.1, August 2018, IIC. https://www.iiconsortium.org/pdf/IIC_Vocab_Technical_Report_2.1.pdf 2 The Industrial Internet of Things Vol G1: Reference Architecture (IIRA), IIC:PUB:G1:V1.80:20170104, Industrial Internet Consortium, January 2017, https://www.iiconsortium.org/IIRA.htm 3 Information technology – Internet of Things Reference Architecture (IoT RA), ISO/IEC DIS30141:20170628, ISO/IEC JTC 1/WG 3, June 2017. - 88 - IIC Journal of Innovation