6 . Recognize the need to learn new ways to adapt .
When a disruption occurs , the ability to absorb it is related to the robustness and reliability of the system as well as how the system was architected , designed and built . Following resilience principles such as loose coupling can improve resilience , for example by reducing the possibility of cascading failures .
Much of absorbing and recovering from a disruption can depend on people , whether they can correctly interpret the situation and understand when to escalate and bring in additional resources . Asking for and obtaining help can make a big difference , whether it is obtaining the help of additional fire stations or requesting new viewpoints regarding anesthesia in an operating room 37 .
Being able to accept new evidence and being willing to revise ones plans and behaviors is important to allow change and effective action to be taken even if not according to the previousexperience 38 . This is where “ humans in the loop ” can be helpful , since they can ‘ think outside the box ’ and break the rules when needed , using creative thinking .
Learning is key to improvement and improving resilience and can happen by reviewing loss scenarios ( accidents ) with a systems analysis methodology such as provided in CAST 39 . This includes modeling the control structure , analyzing each component in the loss , identifying control structure flaws , and creating an improvement program which can include using this analysis to determine additional constraints and requirements to improve the system .
All of these stages of the resilience lifecycle relate to each other , and learning contributes to anticipation .
37
John Cuvelier and Pierre Falzon , “ Coping with Uncertainty . Resilient Decisions in Anesthesia ,” in Resilience Engineering in Practice : A Guidebook . John Cuvelier and Pierre Falzon , “ Coping with Uncertainty . Resilient Decisions in Anesthesia ,” in Resilience Engineering in Practice : A Guidebook .
38
D Mendonça and W A Wallace , “ Adaptive Capacity : Electric Power Restoration in New York City Following the 11 September 2001 Attacks ,” 11 , accessed May 17 , 2022 ,
https :// www . resilienceengineering-association . org / download / resources / symposium / symposium- 2006 ( 2 ) Mendonca _ Wallace . pdf2006 ( 2 )/ Mendonca _ Wallace . pdf .
39
Leveson , “ CAST Handbook .” 32
July 2022