IIC Journal of Innovation 10th Edition | Page 55

Improving the Reliability and Security of Global Cold Chain Logistics logging will need to be done in these trusted spaces. for logistics when all parties within the cold chain are assumed to be known to each other. Real-Time Tamper Detection The majority of time in a good’s lifecycle is spent between trusted spaces, notably during transportation. During this time, the custodian of the goods should provide real- time monitoring of the good for both environmental parameters but also for tamper attempts. This can be done through a combination of pressure, light and vibration. Sensor readings should be logged frequently and to a distributed ledger to prevent retroactive manipulation of data. C ONCLUSIONS Distributed Ledger for Trustworthiness Heterogeneous operating environments will continue to pose challenges, but advances in global cellular connectivity and distributed ledger technologies provide logical solutions to having real-time, tamper-proof asset monitoring for pharmaceuticals moving through cold chain logistics systems. IoT provides new ways by which we can monitor pharmaceutical assets such as vaccines in an unbroken cold chain from creation to administration. Further, new capabilities in data acquisition and edge- computing analytics capabilities now allow us to predict failures and remediate equipment before assets have been damaged. The great hope of blockchains and distributed ledger technologies is to provide an immutable log of transactions. These transactions do not need to be financial but instead can be sensor readings proving the maintainance of the cold chain. Depending on the privacy implications of the goods, it may be necessary to use a private distributed ledger versus a public distributed ledger. The benefits of private distributed ledgers are beyond the scope of this article, but in short, there are energy/computation benefits of using private distributed ledgers - 51 - March 2019