iHerp Australia Issue 4 | Page 30

noticeable size difference can be observed. Most people purchase two animals at the same time that are the same age and size (initially), and because there are no obvious signs of aggression, often they are not aware of the social complications occurring within the enclosure. Many people do not act until there is a significant size discrepancy between the animals and the only solution is permanent separation. This is one of the more subtle forms of aggression and dominance between dragons. Tail and toe nipping. This issue occurs amongst young dragons that are housed together and chew on the tail tips or toes of their siblings. Often it is in relation to a food response as hatchling dragons are stimulated by the movement of another lizard and instinctively pounce on the tail tip, mistaking it for a feeder insect. When a hatchling has nipped the tail of a sibling once, they may become a repeat offender and continue to do so despite being well fed. Injuries caused by siblings can be very painful and may even become infected if not treated properly. Once a dragon loses part of its tail or a toe, it is gone for good. Fighting and cannibalism. Fighting is by far the most obvious sign that two animals are not getting along. Bearded dragons can become very aggressive: this often occurs in older animals (six months upwards) and levels of aggression may also be heightened during the breeding season. Dragons can cause serious injury to each other during a fight. Animals of differing sizes that are housed together have also been known to cannibalise cagemates. Two animals that have happily lived together for many years can also decide to turn on each other for no apparent reason. Turtles. “We would just like to get a couple of turtles to have in a tank together.” The vast majority of Australian freshwater turtle species are solitary creatures that rarely interact with other members of their species in the wild. In addition, male turtles can be particularly protective of their territory. In captivity, it is generally not advised to keep more than one turtle per tank, as in many cases this will lead to the demise of one or more of the animals over time. Like bearded dragons, turtles will sometimes tolerate each other in a tank setting and may appear to be getting along, however if we truly seek to do what is in the best interest of the animals, they are always much happier when housed alone. When multiple turtles are housed together, a dominant animal will establish itself within the tank. This individual will see tank mates as competition for food and other resources and may become aggressive towards the other turtles. This can lead to a number of health complications including: Size difference. Again, much like bearded dragons, a submissive turtle in a communal tank may start to fall behind and ultimately a significant size difference may become apparent. When this happens between two turtles of the same age, it is a clear sign that dominance has been occurring for an extended period of time. Immediate separation is the only solution. Stress-related illness. Keeping more than one turtle in a tank can cause unnecessary stress on the animals. Just because they are not fighting this does not necessarily mean that the turtles are happy and getting along. Stress can lead to weakened immunity and turtles housed together may be more susceptible and prone to a range of illnesses. Fighting and aggression. Freshwater turtles can be extremely aggressive towards each other in a tank scenario, causing significant injury and damage. Turtles can bite and Left: it is widely accepted that it is best to house bearded dragons individually.