iHerp Australia Issue 3 | Page 42

stupid appearance’. Whilst they may have a face that only a mother could love, anything that these creatures lack in good looks, they well and truly make up for in their incredible adaptations and abilities. Marine Iguanas typically live in colonies and vary considerably in appearance according to locality, with the latest taxonomic revision recognising 11 subspecies. Maximum size ranges from a total length of as little as roughly 30cm to more than 130cm, with a weight range of 1-12kg. Females are a uniform dark grey in colour, but breeding males (which are also substantially larger than females) may exhibit bright pink or bluish markings, or more subtle shades of yellow, green or grey. Marine Iguanas feed almost exclusively on algae and seaweed, and specialisations for this lifestyle include a flattened tail for swimming, a blunt nose that assists in grazing on rocks, and powerful limbs and claws that help prevent the animals from being swept away in currents. Large males can dive to depths of up to 30m and hold their breath for 45 minutes or more, while juveniles and females forage primarily in the shallow intertidal zones. In order to excrete the high levels of salt consumed in their diet, Marine Iguanas ‘sneeze’ frequently, blowing a concen- trated salt solution from a gland near their nostrils. Anything these creatures lack in good looks, they make up for in their incredible adaptations. The waters around the Galapagos are quite cold, so when they are not at sea searching for food, Marine Iguanas are obliged to bask in order to raise their body temperature. During the day they are a common sight basking in large numbers along the iconic black lava coastlines, and at night they conserve heat by huddling together in groups. They are vulnerable whilst in the open, and are sometimes preyed upon by the Galapagos Hawk. In response to this threat, the iguanas have learnt to associate the warning call of mockingbirds with the approach of a predator. When this distinct call is heard, the iguanas can be seen running for cover beneath rocks or shrubs. I never tired of watching