Rack Systems.
For decades, many keepers have housed all
kinds of reptiles in rack and drawer-type
systems and set ups. With changing percep-
tions and a widespread shift to more enriching
housing options, some keepers are beginning
to move away from these intensive set ups.
However, rack systems can be suitable for
rearing clutches of hatchling pythons short
term, as they allow for a large number of
animals to be housed individually in a confined
space in which temperature can be controlled.
Enclosure Sizes.
The size of a reptile’s captive environment can
mean the difference between a healthy and
content animal and a stressed or nervous one
that does not feed consistently. Some reptiles,
especially pythons, are best housed in small
enclosures as juveniles, with the size
gradually increased as they grow, until
eventually they are moved into full-sized adult
enclosures.
The size, shape and configuration of a
reptile’s enclosure will also be determined by
the type of reptile and its habits. For example,
arboreal species require a taller enclosure to
enable climbing, while terrestrial or ground-
dwelling species need more floor space.
Turtles are aquatic and can be housed in a
modified fish tank, while semi-aquatic species such
as frogs and some lizards require areas of both land
and water.
gaps around air vents, between glass sliding doors
or around the lid. Ideally all enclosures should have
some form of locking mechanism for additional
security. This not only protects the reptile from
possible escape, but also ensures that unauthorised
persons such as young children or visitors cannot
remove the animal without supervision.
It should be noted that wildlife departments as well
as animal welfare authorities in each state or
territory may have specific recommendations for
minimum housing requirements applicable to various
Accessibility.
species. It is the keeper’s responsibility to ensure
Enclosures need to be easily accessible so that an
their animals are housed in enclosures of appropri-
animal can be removed safely and without any
ate size for the age and species concerned.
obstructions. Large sliding or front-opening hinged
doors are ideal. Converting old fish tanks to
Important Considerations.
There are a number of key requirements to consider terrestrial reptile enclosures can be problematic due
to restricted access through the top of the tank
when purchasing or building a reptile enclosure.
where heating and lighting fittings should be
These include:
positioned, as well as difficulty in providing
ventilation and airflow.
Ventilation.
All reptile enclosures require ventilation and airflow.
Vents on either side of the enclosure, combined with
a partial or full mesh top will allow for cross
ventilation. It is important to get the balance right, as
too much ventilation can lead to heat loss and
draughts inside the enclosure and not enough may
result in a build up of humidity, resulting in potential
health complications for the animal.
Security.
Reptiles and amphibians are skilled escape artists
able to fit through even the smallest of gaps! Ensure
that all enclosures are completely secure with no
Hygiene and Maintenance.
When designing and setting up a reptile enclosure,
consider the long-term maintenance of the animal.
Hygiene and sterilisation is important, so make sure
the enclosure can be fully cleaned when required
and is made from good quality, robust materials.
Bioactive terrariums are a great, low-maintenance
option as natural processes, including invertebrate
decomposers, do the cleaning for you! (See Ben’s
article in iHerp Australia Issue 7 about setting up a
bioactive terrarium).