iHerp Australia Issue 12 | Page 6

rarely bite defensively, even when handled roughly. I have caught many hundreds of these snakes - sometimes underwater but more often on shore - and not one has ever tried to bite me while being captured, although they should always be handled as though they can and may bite. The greatest risk of a bite is when milking individuals for their venom. information slowly accumulated. On our first analyses of the data, it became clear that two quite distinct species were included in the sample from this one tiny islet: a large species growing to a metre or more and considered identical to the common Yellow-lipped Sea Krait that ranges from Myanmar to Tonga, and a dwarf species growing to ‘ I have caught many hundreds of these snakes, and not one has ever tried to bite me while being captured. ’ On our first trip to Vanuatu in search of sea kraits, we collected around 50 specimens from one small coral islet in the lagoon off north Efate Island. These were all regarded as young to adult Yellow-lipped Sea Kraits. The islet was no more than about 50 metres long, and so the venom samples taken from these specimens from this one tiny location were mixed together as a single sample for study back in Japan, where the venom’s chemistry was analysed and the results published soon afterwards. In the meantime, back in our Australian Museum labora- tory, many months went by as the morphology of these snakes was carefully examined, including various scale characteristics and counts, and about 60 centimetres in length, also similar in almost all external features to the Yellow-lipped Sea Krait. This dwarf species subsequently proved to be identical to a species, Laticauda frontalis, known from a single specimen said to be from New Britain in Papua New Guinea. We eventually identified small differences in body pattern and in scale configurations that could be used to separate the two species in the field. Subsequent field work in the Pacific recorded this dwarf species only from the islands of Vanuatu and the Loyalty Islands of New Caledonia, leaving us unsure as to whether the type specimen from ‘New Britain’ could really have come from that island. 2 qtr page ad