iHerp Australia Issue 1 | Page 9

As a prudent security measure (and, for many amphibians impacted by the chytrid fungus, the only conser- vation measure available, given no cure nor means of eradicating Bd), a captive husbandry project ex situ has been initiated for M. fleayi at Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary. The resilience displayed by M. fleayi, in not only persisting, but actually increasing in abundance after mass-dies offs following Bd infection, provides hope that at least some frogs can beat this lethal disease. This is one of the first cases of unambiguous population recovery in the wild in the presence of Bd. However, the continued persistence of M. fleayi is far from guaranteed; this narrow-range endemic still must contend with other anthropogenic threats, such as degradation of steam water quality and riparian vegetation from logging, livestock grazing, weeds, and pollution; destruction of habitat and predation by feral pigs; and habitat destruction through clearing for agricultural and urban development. Certainly, the deadly amphibian disease of chytridiomycosis has caused populations of M. fleayi to plummet, resulting in its disappear- ance from much of its former range – like many other species of frogs. Yet habitat destruction remains the single greatest threat imperiling native amphibians, including M. fleayi. Only by protecting and restoring pristine habitat can we ensure this large, brilliantly-patterned frog remains to be heard calling in the wild. References: Newell DA, Goldingay RL, Brooks LO (2013) Population Recovery fol- lowing Decline in an Endangered Stream-Breeding Frog (Mixophyes fleayi) from Subtropical Australia. PLoS ONE 8(3): e58559. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058559