IEEE BYTE VOLUME-3 ISSUE-1 | Page 21
Surfing the gravitational
wave
By Rashmi Phadnis, SE EXTC
It came as no surprise to the people of the scientific community when the prestigious
Nobel Prize for Physics was bestowed upon Rainer Weiss, Barry C. Barish and Kip S. Thorne
for their contribution to the work going on at LIGO. In lieu of this news, let us take a look at what
Einstein proved on paper in 1916 but took us a 100 years to prove in reality.
What are gravitational waves?
In his general theory of relativity, Einstein proposed that space and time are aspects of a
single measurable reality called space-time. We can think of space-time as a fabric; the
presence of large amounts of mass or energy distorts space-time and we feel this warping as
gravity. When two dense objects such as neutron stars or black holes orbit each other,
space-time is stirred by their motion and gravitational energy ripples throughout the universe.
So, in simple terms, gravitational waves are ripples through the fabric of space-time.
Why are gravitational waves important?
Gravitational waves can be used to look into the universe in order to feel the very small
changes in gravity caused by some of the largest and most interesting things in the universe -
including things that light will never be able to bring us information about. Waves from the Big
Bang would tell us a little more about how the universe formed. Waves also form when black
holes collide, supernovae explode, and massive neutron stars wobble. So detecting these
waves would give us a new insight into the cosmic events that produced them.
They could also help physicists understand the fundamental laws of the universe. This could
lead to a more accurate, more all-encompassing model, and perhaps point the way toward a
theory of everything.