IEEE BYTE VOLUME-3 ISSUE-1 | Page 12
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c. How many bitcoins you want to send.
This is done so that the people actually maintaining the blockchains can update their ledgers.
But wait a second, if all it takes to send bitcoins is a couple of account numbers , that seems like
it might be a security problem. It’s a huge problem with regular money – just think about all the
ways criminals try to steal other people’s credit card information.
Bitcoin takes care of the problem as follows :
When you create a new account on the bitcoin network which is termed as w
allet , the account
is linked to two unique keys: private key and public key. So through the concept of d
igital
signature the whole transaction is secured. Unlike a handwritten signature, or a credit card
number, this proof of identity isn’t something that can be faked by a scam artist.
4. Miners
Not only the who part of transaction is important but also the when part. So in the bitcoin
network in order to determine which transaction came in first there is a check bu ilt in it. Both the
bitcoin network and your wallet automatically check your previous transactions to make sure
you have enough bitcoins to send in the first place.
But network or any other technical delays means that you won’t always receive the transaction
requests in the same order. So all the people maintaining the ledger worldwide would have
different sequence of transactions. And the solution for this problem is by actually solving math
problems.
To add a block of transactions to the chain each person maintaining a ledger has to
solve a special kind of math problem created by a cryptographic hash function SHA256(its an
algorithm that takes an input of any size , and turns it into an output of fixed size). What makes
hash functions really good for cryptography is that when you are given an input it is easy to find
an output. But so is not the case when you are given an output, and have to predict the input.
Whoever solves the first hash gets to add the next block of transactions to the blockchain,
which then generates a new math problem that needs to be solved. If multiple people block
(solve the problem) at roughly the same time, then the network picks one to keep building upon,
which becomes the, longest, and most trusted chain. And any transactions in those alternate
branches of the chain get put back into the pool to be added onto later blocks.
The volunteers spend thousands of dollars on special computers built to solve SHA256
problems, and run their electricity bills up sky high to keep those machines running. But why?
What do get out of maintaining the blockchain? Well bitcoin actually has a built-in system to
reward them. Today, every time you win the race to add a block to blockchain, 12 and a half
new bitcoins are added automatically to your wallet out of thin air.
In fact you might know the bitcoin ledger-keepers by another name: m
iners . So as of today 12
and a half bitcoins are worth $47,821.
It’s also worth noting that every 2,10,000 blocks , the number of coins generated when a
new block is added goes down by half. So what started as a reward of 50 bitcoins, decreased to
12.5 and it will be around 6 bitcoins in 2140 and will keep decreasing. The decreasing number
of bitcoins is actually modelled off the rate at which things like gold are dug out of the earth. And
the idea that keeping the supply limited will raise their value over time. So, is investing in bitcoin
a good idea? I can’t possibly tell. You would have to figure it by yourself ;)