The Journal
Individual Susceptibility
It is considered as a major factor in determining root resorption potential with or without orthodontic treatment . This potential exists in the deciduous and permanent roots of all persons , in varying degrees in different teeth . Histologically , individual differences in tissue response and activity irrespective of age were noted . According to Rygh , the root resorption process seems to vary among persons and within the same person at different times .
Metabolic signals that generate changes in the relationship between osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity include hormones , body type , and metabolic rate . These may modify specific cell metabolism and the person ' s reaction pattern to disease , trauma , and aging . It is reasonable to assume that disturbances or peculiarities in this interplay may explain the individual tendency to marked root resorption . 4
Genetics
Several studies strongly suggest a genetic component for shortened roots . Although no definite genetic conclusion was found , autosomal dominant , autosomal recessive , and polygenic modes of inheritance are possible . 1,2
Systemic Factors
According to Becks - Hypothyroidism , Hypopituitarism , Hyperpituitarism are related to root resorption . It is based on basal metabolic rates , has not been examined by blood analyses . Hyperparathyroidism and Paget disease have been linked to root resorption in a few case reports . It has been suggested that hormonal imbalance does not cause but influences the phenomenon . 5
Nutrition
Marshall advocated that malnutrition can cause root resorption . Becks demonstrated root resorption in animals deprived of dietary calcium and vitamin D . Later suggested that nutritional imbalance is not a major factor in root resorption during orthodontic treatment . 6
Gender
Treated and untreated random samples showed no correlation between gender and root resorption . Others found females are more susceptible to root resorption in the ratio of Females : Males = 3.7:1 . Apical root material loss was greater in treated females ( 0.73 mm ) compared with treated males ( 0.67 mm ). 8
Dougherty speculated that this may reflect the difference in root maturity . Male is chronologically less mature than the female . Male roots are less susceptible to the traumatic effects of orthodontic stress . Hormonal differences were not advocated by researchers who found an existing disparity between male and female . 3,4
Chronologic Age
All tissues involved in the root resorption process show changes with age .
Ÿ Periodontal membrane becomes less vascular , aplastic , and narrow .
Ÿ Bone more dense , avascular , and aplastic .
Ÿ Cementum wider .
These changes are reflected by a higher susceptibility to root resorption seen in adults . When the relationship between Root Resorption , Orthodontic Treatment and Patient Age was investigated , a positive relationship between these parameters was reported . Root resorption is more prevalent in adults . Only a few studies showed no relationship between apical root loss and patient age .
41 Vol . 14 No . 1 Jan-Apr 2018