iDentistry The Journal Volume 14 No.1 | Page 31

*Dr. Abhitosh Debata **Dr. Anand Garabadu ***Dr. Sangram Patro ****Dr. Swarnav Patnaik *****Dr. Monalisa Panda ******Dr. Reeti Garabadu The Journal A Novel approach for the management of oral cancer – A Review SRNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism thus present in living cells that helps to control which genes are active and how active they are. With a new perspective, RNAi can be used as a therapeutic aid including in the management of various types of cancer, respiratory diseases etc. This article highlights the role of RNAi in management of oral cancer. There are various ways to achieve this which includes delivery of plasmid based sh RNA constructs to induce RNAi , silencing a specific gene like p53R2 by RNAi, targeting urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, down regulating Bmi-1 protein, inhibiting the expression of amino acid transporter LAT1 or using RNAi technology for screening novel biomarkers for human oral cancer. Oral cancer and challenges in current treatment methodology Introduction RNA interference (RNAi) is steadily emerging as a very safe, effective and logical way to manage oral cancer by silencing target specific genes. It is a naturally occurring mechanism. In consequence, the respective protein is not synthesized (1). This mechanism is also used for regulation of specific genes and is also applied as a defense against viruses. It was first experimentally documented in 1998 in Caenorhabditiselegansby Fire et al., who were later awarded the Nobel Prize in 2006 for his contribution to the fields of Physiology/Medicine. Subsequently RNAi studies have demonstrated the clinical potential of synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) in oral diseases, cardiovascular diseasesocular diseases, cancer, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and many more. RNAi holds a great promise in the field of cancer therapy. In recent studies, the silencing of genes that are associated with cancer by RNAi technology has generated significant anti- proliferative effects in cell culture systems or in preclinical trials. Cancer is referred as a disease in which the cells within the body divide abnormally without control and spread rapidly to the other body parts through the blood and lymphatics. The Cancer occurring in the tissues of the oral cavity or oropharynxis generally termed as Oral cancer. Some of the common etiologies of oral cancer are consumption of alcohol and tobacco, poor oral hygiene, poor nutrition, ill fitted dentures, ultraviolet light and viruses. Approximately half a million new oral cancer cases are reported annually worldwide and is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity amongst all cancers in India attributed to the difference in life style, deleterious habits, poverty, lack of proper education and less access to sustainable medical care. At present the available treatment modalities of oral cancer issurgical excision (removal) of the tumor, if the tumor is small enough, and the surgery is likely to result in a functionally and aesthetically satisfactory result. Radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy can also be done in conjunction with surgery, or as the definitive radical treatment, if the tumor is big and seems inoperable. * Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hi-Tech Dental College, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. ** Reader, Dept. of Orthodontic, Hi-Tech Dental College, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. *** Professor, Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hi-Tech Dental College, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. **** Reader, Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hi-Tech Dental College, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. ***** Post Graduate Trainee, Dept. of Periodontics , Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. ****** Senior Dental Consultant, Healthcare hospital, Cuttack, Odisha 30 Vol. 14 No. 1 Jan-Apr 2018