* Dr . Preetkanwal Dhaliwal ** Dr . Vishakha Grover *** Dr . Ranjan Malhotra **** Dr . Anoop Kapoor ***** Dr . Komal Sehgal
The Journal
Prevalence and distribution of periodontal disease and dental caries in Punjab and introduction of a conceptual model to explain the association of the two diseases
Periodontal disease and dental caries are two of the most prevalent oral diseases . The relationship between dental caries and chronic periodontitis has been addressed by many authors , but their conclusions have been contradictory and no consensus could be reached at . The pupose of present investigation is to further substantiate their relation and to critically review the etiologic links of both pathologies .
Methods : 400 subjects aged above 25 years were enrolled and examined clinically for oral health . A tooth was recorded as decayed or sound and clinical attachment loss was measured .
Results : 85.6 % of the subjects had periodontal disease ( PD ), 32.8 %, 19.8 % and 33 % had a severe , moderate and mild periodontal disease respectively and 93 % had dental caries . 90 % of the subjects with mild PD , 89 % with moderate and 94 % with severe PD had dental caries .
Introduction
Periodontal disease and dental caries are two of the most prevalent ailments affecting mankind . Indeed , they have been called " the last epidemic ". These are diseases that have not appeared in the modern era , so called “ modern diseases ” or “ diseases of civilization .” instead are quite ancient diseases , with a long
[ 1 ] history of afflicting mankind . While there have been observed changing trends in their incidence both over time and geography , in modern industrialized nations they are among
[ 2 ] the most common chronic diseases . International data on caries epidemiology confirm that tooth decay remains a significant disease of childhood and its prevalence
[ 3 ] remains high even among adults . According to recent findings from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ), Periodontal
disease , is present in almost half of the adult population above 30 years of age . However , it is well documented that only some 5 % to 15 % of any population suffers from severe generalized periodontitis , even though moderate disease
[ 4 ] affects a majority of adults . Although , the relationship between dental
caries and chronic periodontitis has been addressed by many authors , but their conclusions have been contradictory and no consensus could be reached at . Ainamo J et al indicated a positive relationship between concomitant occurrence of caries and
[ 5 ] attachment loss . A negative association was reported by Sewon et al , who compared the caries level of periodontitis free individuals with a periodontitis affected group in a cross
[ 6 ] sectional study . Ainamo et al found no relationship between caries and periodontal
[ 7 ] diseases in a large finnish population .
* Department of Periodontics & Oral Implantology , National Dental College & Hospital , Derabassi , Punjab .
** Associate Professor ( Periodontics and Oral Implantology ), H . S . Judge Institute Of Dental Sciences , Chandigarh , India .
*** Professor & HOD ( Periodontics & Oral Implantology ), Himachal Dental College & Hospital , Sunder Nagar , ( H . P ).
**** Professor & HOD ( Periodontics & Oral Implantology ), Sukhmani Dental College , Derabassi , India .
***** Associate Professor ( Department of Prosthodontics ), H . S Judge Institute Of Dental Sciences , Chandigarh , India .
****** Assistant Professor ( Department of Prosthodontics ), H . S Judge Institute Of Dental Sciences , Chandigarh , India .
13 Vol . 12 No . 23 May-August Sept-Dec 2016