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The Journal References 1. Griffiths AJ, Jeffrey HM, David TS, Richard CL, Gelbart. Genetics and the Organism: An Introduction to Genetic Analysis. 7th ed. NewYork: W.H. Freeman And Company; 2000. 2. Derya Germec Cakan, Feyza Ulkur, Tulin (Ugur) Taner The genetic basis of facial skeletal characteristics and its relation with orthodontics. European Journal of Dentistry 2012:(6);340-345. 3. Robbins. Basic pathology.8 th edn. Asia. 4. Mossey PA, Orth D, Orth M. The heritability of malocclusion: Part 2. The influence of genetics in malocclusion. 5. Proffit WR, Fields HW, Sarver DM (2007). Contemporary Orthodontics.St. Louis, MO, Mosby Elsevier. 6. Lauweryns I, Carels C. "The use of twins in dentofacial genetic research." Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop., 1993; 103(1): 33-8. 7. Hughes TC. Thomas, et al. "A study of occlusal variation in the primary dentition of Australian twins and singletons." Arch Oral Biol., 2001. 8. Corruccini RS. Genetic analysis of occlusal variation in twins. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1980;78:140-154. 9. Corruccini RS, Sharma K, et al. "Comparative genetic variance and heritability of dental occlusal variables in U.S. and Northwest Indian twins." Am J Phys Anthropol., 1986; 70(3): 293- 9. 10. Corruccini RS, Townsend GC, Richards LC, Brown T. Ge¬netic and environmental determinants of dental occlusal variation in twins of different nationalities. Human Biol 1990;62:353-367. 38 11. Harris EF, Johnson MG. "Heritability of craniometric and occlusal variables:a longitudinal sib analysis." Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop., 1991; 99(3): 258-68. 12. Patel1 Zain,Ifzah and Habibullah Sheikh. G e n e t i c s i n O r t h o d o n t i c s - a r e v i e w. Ejpmr.2016:3(7);539-545. 13. Lundstrom A. An investigation of 202 pairs of twins regarding fundamental factors in the aetiology of malocclusion. Dent Rec., 1949; 69(10): 251-64. 14. Harris JE. Genetic factors in the growth of the head: Inheri¬tance of the craniofacial complex and malocclusion. Dent Clin North Am 1975;19:151-160. 15. Ionescu E, Teodorescu E, Badarau A, Grigore R, Popa M. Prevention perspective in orthodontics and dento-facial orthopedics. Journal of Medicine and Life. 2008; 1(4): 397- 402. 16. Peck S, Peck L, Kataja M. Class II division 2 malocclusion: a heritable pattern. Angle Orthod 1998;68:9-17. 17. Ast DB, Carlos JP, Cons NC. The prevelance and characteristics of malocclusion among senior high school students in upstate New York. Am J Orthod., 1965; 51: 437-445. 18. Baker CR. Similarity of malocclusion in families. Int J Or¬thod 1924;10:459-462. 19. Carels C. Genetics and the dento-facial complex. Orthod F. 2006;77:79-84. 20. Markovic MD. At the cross-roads of orofacial genetics. Eur J Orthod 1992;14:469-481. 21. Proffit WR. On the aetiology of malocclusion. Br J Orthod 1986;13:1-11. Vol. 13 No. 3 Sep-Dec 2017