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race and ethnicity, in order to orient the State’s policies and programs, and those of organizations that cooperate internationally, or bilaterally, or that are tied to the United Nations. We must initiate a conversation about this transverse and intersectional focus, in order to contribute the development of policies that include Afro-Peruvian and other women who belong to groups or peoples historically discriminated currently living in poverty. The Peru and Brazil studies share similarities in terms of the increase in the number of Afro-descendant female heads of household when compared to men. This fact opens up a discussion regarding female authority in Afro-descendant families in Latin America. As far as the labor market is concerned, Afro-descendant women in both Peru and Brazil are employed in less prestigious and poorer paying jobs. In terms of education, they also have in common a smaller presence in the educational system, particularly at the postsecondary level. Social policies, even those that fight against poverty, must adopt paradigms and develop methodologies capable of considering factors such as gender, social class, color/race/ethnicity, generation, territory or location (center and periphery in urban regions, rural zones). That will allow for a better qualitative definition of the indicators, and not only consider the descriptive, quantitative dimension. We must incorporate the perspectives of race and gender in public policies, in everything from their formulation, to their application, and even to their evaluative mechanisms. The principle norm should be to act forcefully against inequalities and on behalf of social justice. References BANCO MUNDIAL Y GRADE. Más allá de los Promedios: Afrodescendientes en América Latina. Pobreza Discriminación Social e Identidad: El caso de la población afrodescendiente en el Perú. Lima, 2006. FRASER, N. “Da redistribuição ao reconhecimento? Dilemas na justiça na era pós-socialista”. In: SOUZA, J. (org.). Democracia hoje: novos desafos para a teoria democrática contemporânea. Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília, 2001. CRENSHAW, K. Documento para o encontro de especialistas em aspectos da discriminação racial relativos ao gênero. Revista Estudos Feministas 10: 1 (2002). Dossiê Mulheres Negras: retrato das condições de vida das mulheres negras no Brasil, Brasilia: IPEA, 2013. HASENBALG, C.; SILVA, N. (Orgs.). Origens e destinos: desigualdades sociaisao longo da vida. Rio de Janeiro: Topbooks, 2005. INSTITUTO DE PESQUISAS ECONÔMICAS APLICADAS. Retrato das Desigualdades de Gênero e Raça, 3ª edição – Análise preliminar dos dados. Brasília: Secretaria Especial de Políticas para as Mulheres/ Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada / Fundo de Desenvolvimento das Nações Unidas para a Mulher, 2008. 54