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be governed. This new proposal has a name: it is deliberative democracy. This can be translated as more citizen participation, in a pluralist context, and includes everything from consensus regarding the basic rules of any debate, to ensuring that conversations are informed. Given his experience, Fernando Palacio Mogár, a Cuban political leader who works on constitutional debate, also approaches deliberative democracy in a simple, elegant text that is quite accessible for the journal’s readers. Thus, IDENTIDADES continues to explore diverse approaches to the issue of differences, privileging broad, crosscultural representation. Consummate intellectual Armando Soler says as much in his discussion of nostalgias related to immigration, lives of pain, wonder, and denial, as does Eleanor Calvo Mártinez, a young woman who speaks to us from her own experience and social sphere about the risks present in today’s Cuban society. Similarly, there is engineer Natividad Soto Kessel, a devoted artisan ceramicist, who dares to share with us her concerns and experiences, and aspects of society that shock her. There are two striking articles in this issue, the first on the topic of gays, narrated in the best way possible, through a testimony about the rawness of Cuban sociology; the second, about racism in places other than Cuba, in this case, in the United States and Argentina. The latter focus come to us from the pen of Bonita Lee Penn, Editorial Director of Pittsburgh’s Soul Pitt Media, and Pablo Cirio, who works diligently on the invisibility and invisibilization of Afro-descendants in Argentina (which has considered itself the region’s European, advanced center, for many years). Pablo Cirio examines this expertly through the legacy of music. Similarly, Leonardo Calvo Cárdenas deals competently with the topic and its manifestation in Cuban rap music, as does musician David D’Omni, who approaches from within music and its society, and Kenya C. Dworkin, in her substantial, essential exploration of it in Cuban literature, which helps us understand the racism present in the negation of this community. A thorough review of this issue would never end. I would like to end my praise of the journal by celebrating its inclusion of topics regarding Latin America’s contemporary reality, which are always important to us Cubans so we might understand things from other perspectives and other, contrasting realities. We Cubans increase and improve our visibility through the work by Colombian Michel J. Ovalle, and the perspective of Peruvian Afrodescendants. For this, and more, I continue expressing my gratitude for and to IDENTIDADES. * Paper presented at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras. Published courtesy of Cubanet. 151