Based on this conceptual background, authors such as Nussbaum (2000), Alkire (2002),
Dreze (2002) Crocker (2008) and Frediani (2015) have explored the link between
participation and the capability approach. This is particularly useful for the design and
implementation of international development projects that place people at the centre of
their work.
Participation based on a capability approach must include:
1. An understanding of participation as both a mean and an end.
2. An understanding of the necessity to allow people to define what is that they believe
constitute meaningful participation and how their current situation enhances or
diminishes their capacity to meet those aspirations.
3. A deliberation on the choices, opportunities, and abilities that individuals must have, if
they wish to access the defined dimensions of participation.
4. A comprehensive inclusion in the deliberation of all groups and sectors which will be
impacted by a development intervention, with particular attention to disadvantaged or
marginalised groups. Hence, the question of who participates is as important as how
they participate and to what purpose.
5. A vision of participation as a mechanism to deepen democratic processes.
6. An importance placed on how participation can serve to empower individuals and bring
collective critical awareness.
7. An exploration of what are the structural causes that shape the access to participations
(this may include institutional, political or economic barriers).