ICY SCIENCE MAGAZINE WINTER 2014 Vol 2 | Page 46

46 There are three major functional parts in a cell: 1. Energy system - This consists of proteins which provide energy through molecular chemical reactions to perform functions of life. 2. Information System (DNA) - This is the genetic code which allows cells to grow and to reproduce. This information is transferred from one generation to the next. 3. Membrane - A membrane encloses all the chemical reactions of molecules within a cell. It is made from structures called lipids. Requirement for life to arise: 1. Raw material for life – Elements The elements hydrogen and helium were formed at the time of the Big Bang, when the universe was created. All heavier elements are created inside the core of massive stars through the process of nuclear fusion. When these stars die in a supernova, they seed clouds of gas and dust with these heavier elements, which in turn collapse to form new stars and planets. 2. Water For simple molecules to come together to form more complex molecules, we need a liquid to help them move around, such as water. ICY SCIENCE | QTR 1 2014