[ sealing ]
To address these issues, recent advancements in polymer technology have focused on improving permeation resistance through customengineered fluoropolymers and hybrid sealing designs. Innovations in material science continue to enhance the durability, leak prevention, and long-term performance of polymer seals in increasingly demanding hydrogen transport applications.
Metal sealing systems In addition to polymer-based seals, metal seals are also a reliable option due to their resistance to cryogenic temperatures, high pressures, and prolonged hydrogen exposure. Materials such as stainless steel, Inconel, and nickel-based alloys offer robust mechanical strength and are naturally resistant to hydrogen embrittlement, ensuring leak-tight performance in static applications such as pipelines, hydrogen tanks, and high-pressure fittings.
While metal seals offer exceptional durability and efficiency, they require precise surface finishes and increased installation forces, which should be considered during the hardware design stage. The choice of alloys, such as Inconel for extreme temperature durability and stainless steel for corrosion resistance, depends on specific application requirements.
Balancing polymer and metal sealing solutions is essential, taking into account the transportation method and operational environment.
Other critical performance factors in H 2 transport
Hydrogen transport systems are subject to thermal cycling, pressure variations, and mechanical stress, which can lead to the degradation of sealing materials over time. For long-term reliability, it is imperative to select soft sealing materials that can withstand these extreme conditions. Metal seals, which are inherently more resistant to hydrogen permeation, can be further improved with protective coatings such as gold and silver. The careful selection of hydrogen-compatible alloys, along with advanced surface treatments, helps mitigate hydrogen embrittlement, ensuring that seals maintain their performance over extended periods.
Safety & regulatory framework Ensuring safe hydrogen transport also depends on advanced detection technologies, i. e., hydrogen sensors, acoustic emission monitoring, and real-time pressure analysis, which are critical for early leak detection and failure prevention. Non-destructive testing( NDT) methods, such as helium leak detection and ultrasonic inspection, play a vital role in verifying seal integrity during both maintenance and assembly processes. Compliance with industry standards, including API 6D Annex M, ISO 23826, SAE J2601, and EC79, is also essential. These standards provide guidelines on seal performance, material selection, and leak prevention protocols. To meet regulatory requirements and ensure the safety and reliability of sealing solutions in hydrogen transport, rigorous testing – such as pressure cycling and permeation analysis – is necessary.
Metal axial seals Metal C-seals Metal special design seals Metal E-seals
58 Hydrogen Tech World | Issue 21 | April 2025