[ leak detection ]
the LFL . However , there are no regulations for the use of an odorant in hydrogen systems . 10 As a safety measure it can still be beneficial to introduce an odorant in certain industrial situations .
Odorant selection is strongly based on the density and vapor pressure of the gas being odorized . Ideal odorants should have certain physical and functional properties , including 11 :
• Low odor detection threshold
• Suitable detection intensity
• Little or no olfactory fatigue
• Distinguishable from smells of daily life
• Characteristically unpleasant
• Low boiling point
• Low corrosivity
• Low toxicity
Conclusion
It is important to note that the technologies and standards discussed in this article only account for a small representation of the extensive information available to draw upon when designing a system . Detailed technical information regarding hydrogen sensors or leak sensors should be obtained directly from their respective suppliers , and experimental technologies should be field tested and only used in addition to redundant backup proven technologies . Personnel should be professionally trained to perform routine maintenance and inspections , while properly documenting findings . The strictest standards should be followed from the National Fire Protection Association , the Compressed Gas Association , the Environmental Protection Agency as well as any local agencies .
This article is for information purposes only and should by no means be used as the basis for design and engineering . As safety technologies and standards continue to change based on the growing understanding of hydrogen systems , the hydrogen detection technologies with best proven track record should be given priority , while most up-to-date standards should be routinely reviewed and followed .
References
1
‘ NFPA 2 ,’ National Fire Protection Association , 2020 .
2
Sivathanu , Y . “ Natural Gas Leak Detection in Pipelines .” U . S . DOE , NETL .
3
Emerson , Net Safety Millennium II SC310 Catalytic Bead Combustible Gas Sensor .
4
Emerson , Incus Ultrasonic Gas Leak Detector .
5
ATO , Portable Hydrogen ( H2 ) Gas Detector .
6
PCE Instruments , Ultrasonic Leak Detector PCE-LDC 8 .
7
Tekedyne Flir , Flir E5-XT Infrared Camera .
8
MSA The Safety Company , FL500-H2 UV / IR Flame Detector for Hydrogen Applications .
9
International Journal of Greenhouse Gas
Control 37 ( 2015 ): 504 – 512 .
10
Marcogaz . ( 2021 ). Odorisation of Natural Gas and Hydrogen Mixtures .
11
Kato , Y . “ Odorant for Fuel Gas .” U . S . Patent No . 7,182,796 .
12
Fink , J . K . ( 2011 ). Petroleum Engineer ’ s Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids . Gulf Professional Publishing .
13
Journal of Power Sources 152 ( 2005 ): 226 – 232 .
14
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45.20 ( 2020 ): 11875 – 11884 .
About GCT
Since 1995 , Gas Cleaning Technologies ( GCT ) has built a reputation as a responsive , technology-driven organization with a proven record of high-quality , specialized gas cleaning and energy solutions delivered to industries around the world . GCT ’ s decarbonization solutions range from industrial process energy-intensity audits , green fuel conversion and waste heat recovery to hydrogen production and CO 2 capture technologies . With professionals specialized on process engineering , field testing , technology development and integration , GCT serves clients across the globe from five locations : Dallas , Chicago , Vancouver , Singapore and India . For more information , visit www . gcteng . com or contact us at brosig @ gcteng . com .
40 Hydrogen Tech World | Issue 9 | April 2023