Theories Of Personality
What are these Theories?
How is personality formed?
Heredity: The genetic basis for personality, as in emotions and temperaments. The Enviorment: through it you acquire values, beliefs, expectations, and personal goals. What is personality? It´s the image of a person. It is the behaviour that is shown in a certain context of social circumstances. Heredity influences processes, from conception to old age. We are the result of genetic heredity and the environment where we live.
Heredity radically influences our personality, yet some environmental factors like nutrition, upbringing and learning are also determining to personality.
Scientists
Sigmund Freud: Considered the father of psychoanalysis. The main idea of psychoanalysis is that the forces of the unconscious form behavior and human thought. Identifies three levels of consciousness.
Erik Erickson: Was one of the first to join the social and psychological aspects of the individual. Oriented toward society and culture. His contributions propose social and psychological influence in the formation of personality. Offers eight phases of development that extend to all of the life cycle.
Gordon Allport: Believed that every individual what a unique combination of personality traits. Held that if we could determine a persons’ personality traits, we could predict the individual’s behavior in several circumstances.
Carl Rogers: The fully functional person lives in harmony with their deepest feelings and impulses; is open to new experiences and trusts their deepest feelings and impulses. Rogers’ theory is centered around the I (ME), a flexible and changing perception of identity.
Abraham Maslow: Maslow created the hierarchy of needs. Maslow saw that certain needs are priorities over others. Lead the humanistic psychology movement.His perspective seems to focus on emotions, attitudes, values, and interpersonal skills.
Jean Piaget: With him there is a renewed interest in cognition, the formation of concepts, and thought. The exploration of cognitive development was for Piaget the best way to contribute to epistemology. Using the phenomenological method.
This development is the growth that intellect has throughout time, the maturation of superior processes, from infancy to adulthood.
B.F. Skinner: system is based on operant conditioning. Operant conditioning: reinforced responses are done more frequently.
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