Huffington Magazine Issue 72 | Page 56

CRACKING THE CODE minority neighborhoods. Observers have pointed to Bill de Blasio’s victory in the Democratic mayoral primary this year as another success of the system. Previous reform efforts sought to eliminate or severely limit private money in elections. In the “clean money” systems pushed at the state level in the mid-1990s through the mid-2000s, candidates would receive a lump-sum payment of public funds to cover the cost of the campaign, in exchange for renouncing nearly all private funding. The presidential public funding system provides a 1-to-1 match on the first $250 of all contributions during the primaries and a lump-sum $91.2 million payment for the general election. Candidates are required to abide by spending limits in both the primary and general elections to receive the public funds. But a series of Supreme Court decisions between 2008 and 2011 gutted provisions in both the federal campaign finance laws and clean money systems, and the Citizens United decision ensured that outside money could not be kept away from elections. The lump sum provided in the presi- HUFFINGTON 10.27.13 dential system eventually became too small for general election candidates. In 2008, Barack Obama became the first candidate to not participate in the program during the general election, and in 2012, neither Obama nor Mitt Romney took part. Unlike other campaign finance reform efforts, the New York C ity REFORMERS BELIEVE THEY HAVE FINALLY CRACKED THE CODE FOR CHANGING THE WAY POLITICIANS RAISE MONEY. model accepts the role of private money in elections. In 2001, progressive writer Mark Schmitt called the city’s system “an evolutionary leap,” because it acknowledges that loopholes in campaign finance laws will always exist and that there is no way to completely prevent private money from finding its way into elections. Democracy 21 President Fred Wertheimer, the dean of the Washington-based reform community, embraced the New York City model as an answer to the broken presidential financing system following the 2008 election.