Huffington Magazine Issue 25 | Page 50

SANDY’S DEVASTATION of the surge when it arrived. “It kind of helps if you have someone who can explain to you how a storm surge and flooding is going to affect you directly,” said Thurman. “If they had said this is going to be somewhat similar to New Orleans and Katrina, people would have got up and moved.” Instead, she said, “we did the same exact thing New Orleans did: we waited.” SOUNDING THE ALARM In 1992, an environmentalist named Suzanne Mattei was working on a report for the New York City comptroller about whether building garbage incinerators would contribute to greenhouse emissions. That answer was relatively clear — yes — but when Mattei looked further into the then-young science of climate change, she was shocked to discover what it might do to New York City’s coastline. She discovered that the unique geography of the New York Bight — the right angle made by New Jersey and Long Island, with the city its sharp tip — would greatly magnify the effects of a hurricane. Were a strong storm to whip up the coast, its surge would have HUFFINGTON 12.02.12 nowhere else to go other than straight into the city. Alarmed that few had taken the issue seriously, Mattei inserted a section into the report about the damage rising sea levels could inflict. The biggest concern: the nightmare scenario of a “combined sea level rise/storm surge event.” “Significant areas” would be flooded in Brooklyn, Lower Manhattan would be “vulnerable” and the surge would “endanger the underground subway system,” the report noted. All of this, of course, is exactly what happened when Sandy slammed into the coast. Even as the city continued to reorient its residential development toward the waterfront, others sounded alarms about dangers from the sea. In 1995, a joint study by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and New York City’s Office of Emergency Management warned of fast-rising storm surges that could easily flood subway tunnels. “Coastal storms that would present moderate hazards in other regions of the country could result in heavy loss of life and disastrous disruptions to communication and travel in the Metro New York Area,” the report concluded. More recent studies have factored in the impacts of climate change, arguing that rising sea