Huffington Magazine Issue 22 | Page 71

HUFFINGTON 11.11.12 NO WAY OUT paycheck, his eyes show the weight of sadness and wounded pride. “Sometimes, it hits me and I get so depressed,” he says. “I’m like, ‘Man, what is happening?’ You feel like you’re losing your mind. I’ve got to do something. If I had transport, I’d be back at work by now. I know this.” WHERE THE SKY IS BLUE When Chattanooga Mayor Ron Littlefield was growing up in the 1950s, his father worked in textile plants in mill towns in Georgia and Tennessee. Nearly all the workers occupied modest homes clustered near the factories. “My father never drove” Littlefield says. “He would always walk to work. We don’t build cities like that anymore. Perhaps we should.” As Littlefield, 66, forged his own career as an urban planner, he watched U.S. metropolitan areas push out their boundaries. “Everybody wanted to live out in the suburbs and have an acre or two,” he says. “They wanted to be out where the sky is blue and the grass is green, with cul de sacs, and curvilinear streets and no sidewalks.” Government enabled this development by constructing an arte- rial system of roads and highways that put the private automobile at the center of life, yielding the suburban sprawl that defines major metro areas from Phoenix to Houston to Atlanta. As people have come to live further apart from one another while commuting greater distances to their jobs, running public transit systems has proven increasingly challenging and expensive, requiring broader areas of coverage. At the same time, economic inequality has separated many communities into two camps — those who ONE IN 10 LOW-INCOME RESIDENTS RELIES ON SOME FORM OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION TO GET TO WORK. can afford cars, and those who depend upon buses and trains. This is especially so in mediumsized cities such as Chattanooga, whose metro area is home to about 530,000 people, putting it in the company of Modesto, Calif., and Jackson, Miss. In big, dense cities such as New York and Chi-