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Addressing Urban Poverty in Uzbekistan in the Context of the Economic Crisis
and a growing debt for services in many homeowners’ associations.
In Chirchik municipality just outside Tashkent City, for example,
indebtedness within large homeowners’ associations is estimated to
have reached 2-3 billion Sums.
E. The Construction of New Housing
There are few national statistics on housing demand.
Nevertheless, the natural population increase does give some
indication. For example, more than 60,000 new households are
formed each year and other statistics show that 85,000 families
are waiting for housing. New annual housing output adds only
1-2% to the existing housing stock. Figure 5 shows not only
that there has been no substantial increase in the total housing
stock in recent years, but that there has actually been an overall
decrease in the number of square meters of new annual housing,
with an even sharper decline in the total number of new flats.
While 30% of the existing housing stock is multifamily and 70%
single-family, 30% of the population live, by contrast, in individual
houses and 70% in multifamily houses. In September 2009, 99.6%
of the housing stock was privately owned. However, there are
no aggregate data available about the physical state of existing
multifamily housing or the extent of the repairs conducted on it.
The scale of the deterioration of the housing stock can only be
inferred from the president’s 2004 report, which stated that 45% of
all houses in Tashkent City alone were in need of major overhaul.
The state is no longer a major supplier of housing. Rather,
housing is now constructed mosty by private developers for upper-
income and upper-middle income groups and is geographically
concentrated. Consequently, there is a widening gap between
housing conditions in upper- and upper-middle income areas and
those for the majority of the population, who often endure inferior
housing conditions and infrastructure.
Currently, access to new housing is provided through two
channels: 1) state-targeted programs, which are geared toward
providing affordable mortgages to middle-income groups and
young families and 2) private housing development.
State programs are limited in scope. Between 2007 and 2009, for
example, only 1,500 apartments were delivered through the state program for
young families. There are no national social housing programmes for other
groups that cannot afford market options. Low-income families are usually
accommodated (either through rent or subsidised purchase agreements) in
previously vacant and renovated housing stock (particularly dormitories).
As previously indicated, the state has supported the development of
affordable mortgages since 2005. In that year, both a special Mortgage
Lending Support Fund and Ipoteka Bank were introduced. The Bank
Housing is
construc­
ted mainly
by private
developers for
upper-income
and upper-
middle income
groups. The result
is a widening gap
between housing
conditions in
the areas for the
upper-income
and upper-
middle income
groups and those
for the majority
of the population
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