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such as benzodiazepines, and behavioural treatments (for example, relaxation techniques) can be just as effective and the pharmacist can highlight these options to a patient who might be suffering from this. Conclusions Pharmacists play a vital role in the multidisciplinary team that works with patients receiving chemotherapy treatments to help reduce the suffering and anxiety caused by nausea and vomiting. Some roles are carried out as soon as new chemotherapy treatments are introduced to ensure that appropriate prophylaxis is built into electronic prescribing protocols and hospital guidelines or to incorporate new antiemetics into practice. Other roles are patient-facing to ensure that all relevant factors have been accounted for when individualising a patient’s antiemetic management plan and ensuring that patients know how to take their medicines correctly. References 1 Hesketh PJ. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2482–94. 2 Longo F et al. Combination of aprepitant, palonosetron and dexamethasone as antiemetic prophylaxis in lung cancer patients receiving multiple cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. International J Clin Pract 2012;66(8):753–7. 3 Cheater FM, Closs SJ. The effectiveness of methods of dissemination and implementation of clinical guidelines for nursing practice: a selective review. Clin Effect Nurs 1997;1:4–15. 4 Darling G. The impact of clinical practice guidelines and clinical trials on treatment decisions. Surg Oncol 2002;11:255–62. 5 Hewitt-Taylor J. Clinical guidelines and care protocols. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2004;20:45–52. 6 Sekine I et al. Risk factors of chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting: Index for personalized antiemetic prophylaxis. Cancer Science 2013;104(6):711–17. 7 Roila F et al. 2016 MASCC and ESMO guideline update for the prevention of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and of nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2016;27(Supplement 5):v119–v133. 8 National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Antiemesis v3.2018. www.nccn.org/ professionals/physician_gls/pdf/antiemesis.pdf (accessed August 2018). 9 Hesketh P J et al. Antiemetics: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol 2017;35(28)3240–61. 10 Aapro M, Walko CM. Aprepitant: drug– drug interactions in perspective. Ann Oncol 2010;21(12):2316–23. 11 Pagano G et al. Glucose intolerance after short-term administration of corticosteroids in healthy subjects. Prednisone, deflazacort, and betamethasone. Arch Intern Med 1989;149(5):1098–101. 12 Aapro M et al. A randomised phase III study evaluating the efficacy and safety of NEPA, a fixed dose combination of netupitant and palonosetron, for prevention of chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting following moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2014;25:1328–33. 13 Gralla RJ et al. A phase III study evaluating the safety and efficacy of NEPA, a fixed-dose combination of netupitant and palonosetron, for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting over repeated cycles of chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2014;25:1333–9. 14 Blenkinsopp A, Paxton P, Blenkinsopp J. Symptoms in the Pharmacy, 5th Edition;2005:92–4. 15 Roscoe JA et al. Anticipatory nausea and vomiting. Support Care Cancer 2011;19(10):1533–8. 16 Molassiotis A et al. Anticipatory nausea, risk factors, and its impact on chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting: Results from the Pan European Emesis Registry Study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2016;51:987–93. hospitalpharmacyeurope.com | 2018 | 83