HPE CINV Pocket Guide 2018 | Page 70

table 1 (Continuation) Olanzapine Levodopa, pramipexol, ropinirole Dexamethasone NSAIDs, anticoagulant Antidiabetics Diuretics Antihypertensives paroxetine) as well as serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (duloxetine, etc). 14,15 Concomitant use of ondansetron with apomorphine hydrochloride should be avoided because of possible profound hypotension and loss of conciousness. 16 The mechanism of this interaction is unclear, and it is also unclear whether it involves other members of the drug class. As a precaution, combined use of apomorphine with all 5-HT3 RAs should be avoided. The analgesic effect of tramadol may be reduced when it is co-administered with 5-HT3 RAs. The suggested mechanism for this potential interaction involves antagonism of spinal 5-HT3 receptors by RAs, which, in turn, opposes the action of tramadol, because the non-opioid analgesic effect of tramadol occurs through inhibition of presynaptic reuptake 70 | 2018 | hospitalpharmacyeurope.com of serotonin, which leads to increased impact of the descending inhibitory pathways associated with pain transmission in the spinal column. 17 5-HT3 RAs are metabolised by the following isoenzymes: • Ondansetron: CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 • Dolasetron and tropisetron: largely by CYP2D6 with a smaller contribution by CYP3A4; • Granisetron: only by CYP3A4 • Palonosetron: by CYP2D6 (mainly), CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 (minor). Pharmacokinetic interactions of 5-HT3 RAs involve mainly concomitant administration of ondansetron with potent inducers of the isoenzyme CYP3A4 such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampicin and St John’s Wort. As a potential consequence, the elimination rate of ondansetron