How to Coach Yourself and Others Techniques For Coaching | Page 257

1. Trust v Mistrust

The infant will develop a healthy balance
between trust and mistrust if fed and cared for
and not over-indulged or over-protected. Abuse
'To get'
or neglect or cruelty will destroy trust and
foster mistrust. Mistrust increases a person's
'To give in return'
resistance to risk-exposure and exploration.
"Once bitten twice shy" is an apt analogy. On the
(To receive and to
give in return. Trust other hand, if the infant is insulated from all and
any feelings of surprise and normality, or
is reciprocal unfailingly indulged, this will create a false
maybe karma
sense of trust amounting to sensory distortion,
even..)
in other words a failure to appreciate reality.
Infants who grow up to trust are more able to
hope and have faith that 'things will generally be
okay'. This crisis stage incorporates Freud's
psychosexual Oral stage, in which the infant's
crucial relationships and experiences are
defined by oral matters, notably feeding and
relationship with mum. Erikson later shortened
'Basic Trust v Basic Mistrust' to simply Trust v
Mistrust, especially in tables and headings.
2. Autonomy v
Shame & Doubt
'To hold on'
'To let go'
(To direct
behaviour outward
or be retentive. Of
course very

Autonomy means self-reliance. This is
independence of thought, and a basic confidence
to think and act for oneself. Shame and Doubt
mean what they say, and obviously inhibit selfexpression and developing one's own ideas,
opinions and sense of self. Toilet and potty
training is a significant part of this crisis, as in
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