How to Coach Yourself and Others Empowering Coaching And Crisis Interventions

This book is in B&W, not color - Print page in Grayscale for Correct view! The Brief Symptom Inventory is a research tool that can be adapted for use as a screening checklist. This tool’s 53 items measure 9 primary symptom dimensions as well as 3 global indices of distress. Respondents rate the severity of symptoms on a 5-point scale ranging from “Not at all” (0 points) to “Extremely” (4 points) (Derogatis and Melisaratos 1983). Depression and anxiety disorders Many formal tools screen for depression, including the Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck et al. 1996a, b ; Smith and Erford 2001; Steer et al. 1989), the Center for Epidemiologic Study Depression Scale (Radloff 1977), and the General Health Questionnaire—a self-administered screening test to identify short-term changes in mental health (depression, anxiety, social dysfunction, and somatic symptoms)—are available. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2002) recommends two simple questions that are effective in screening adults for depression: 1. Over the past 2 weeks have you felt down, depressed, or hopeless? 2. Over the past 2 weeks have you felt little interest or pleasure in doing things? Programs that screen for depression should ensure that “yes” answers to these questions are followed by a comprehensive assessment, accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and careful followup. Asking these two questions may be as effective as using longer instruments (U.S. Preventive Services Task Force 2002). Little evidence exists to recommend one screening method over another, so clinicians can choose the method that best fits their preference, the specific population of women, and the setting. Refer to TIP 48 Managing Depressive Symptoms in Substance Abuse Clients During Early Recovery (CSAT 2008) for more guidance in working with clients who have depressive symptoms. Note: Women who are depressed are more likely to report bodily symptoms, including fatigue, appetite and sleep disturbance, and anxiety (Barsky et al. 2001; Kornstein et al. 2000; Silverstein 2002). An example of an instrument that can detect symptoms of anxiety is the 21-item Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI; Beck 1993; Hewitt and Norton 1993). Among a group of psychiatric patients with a variety of diagnoses, women’s BAI scores indicated higher levels of anxiety than men’s BAI scores. However, the nature of the anxiety reported appears similar for women and men (Hewitt and Norton 1993). 6. Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD can follow a traumatic episode that involves witnessing, being threatened, or experiencing an actual event involving death or serious physical harm, such as auto accidents, natural disasters, sexual or physical assault, war, and childhood sexual and physical abuse (APA 2000a). During the trauma, the individual experiences intense fear, helplessness, or horror. PTSD has symptoms that last longer than 1 month and result in a decline in functioning in several life areas, such as work and relationships. A diagnosis of PTSD cannot be made without a clear history of a traumatic event (Figure 4-5 presents sample screening questions for identifying a woman’s histor

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