How to Coach Yourself and Others Coaching Families

Definitions Structure, subsystems and boundaries The theoretical base of structural family therapy is the three constructs of structure, subsystems and boundaries. As is the nature of constructs, they are noted through the presence of persistent, observable patterns, interactions and relational styles in a family. Family Structure – “organized pattern in which family members interact” - Reflects the division of tasks among the various subsystems and the way units are coordinated within. Established patterns make way for expectations and limitations in expressed behaviors in various given situations The beginnings of the idea of changing the structure to alleviate symptoms lie here. Subsystems – divisions or subgroups based on factors such as age, spousal relation, generation, etc… Interactions, patterns and divisions of subsystems are often a little difficult to find amidst initial chaos brought to therapy by the family. Boundaries – “invisible barriers that regulate contact with others” - Range of boundaries: diffuse <-> rigid Also affects dependence on outside systems and level of interpersonal engagement within the subsystem    Rigid Boundary : Disengagement - disengaged subsystem – independent yet isolated Clear Boundary : Normal Range - subsystem with a clear boundary – a balance of independence and dependence, and outside contact and isolation. Diffuse Boundary : Enmeshment - enmeshed subsystem – lacks independent competence but offers closeness and support Examples demonstrating boundaries and subsystems Minuchin used the example of a spousal subsystem to demonstrate the need for distinct boundaries A spousal relationship demonstrates complementarity between members of a subsystem and patterns of accommodation. Boundary defined by functions not shared with other subsystems, such as lovemaking. Such a boundary also helps define a hierarchical structure within the family, with parents as heads of the home. Minuchin also made clear the consideration of ecology outside the family as a contributor to family problems. Normal Family Development: “What distinguishes a normal family isn’t the absence of problems but a functional structure for dealing with them.” Assumedly, the spousal subsystem is mentioned first since that is more or less the starting point of a nuclear family. As hinted at before, accommodation leads to the prevalent patterns of the spousal subsystem and eventual formation of family hierarchy, upon development of parent-child boundary. Boundaries also form between new family and outside systems, including families of origin. Minuchin notices that “growing pains” are part of adjustment to an expanding family and are not a sign of pathology. Development of behaviour disorders Shifts in the family structure should be done in response to the introduction of external stressors, as experienced by one or more of the family members 140

How to Coach Yourself and Others Coaching Families | Page 140