THE STONEMASONS OF GERMANY.
crowned martyrs), on the square and gange, to perform Lis duties to the best of his
fellows then hailed him as warden, and swore obedience to him as the master's
(the four
The
ability.
representative
As
state generally, that
much more
the whole
20),
(Art.
expense (Art. 20).
are
i6i
he
course
of
to his duties, they
to be true, trusty,
is
We
minute.
concluding with
feast
at
the
warden's
The 1563 Ordinances merely
were manifold.
and obedient
a
but those of Torgau
(Art. XLII.),
was two knocks, but whenever an
are told that his signal
announcement was made, such as to begin or to cease work, command attention, etc., one
knock only (Art. 28). He was to preserve the order, the i^rivileges, the tools and appliances
of the lodge (Arts. 48, 63, and 65), and to see that all instruments of precision, square, gauge,
etc.,
were maintained in
full
accuracy (Art. 49).
He was
to act as general instructor to the
fellows and apprentices (Arts. 49 and 50), and prepare, prove,
to reject spoilt
He was
work
(Art. 51),
and
to call the brethren to labour at the proper time,
to fine those
who
did not
make
and pass
work
their
for
them,
to levy all fines for negligence or otherwise (Art. 52).
without fear or favour (Art.
their appearance (Art. 56)
;
54),
and
in this latter respect his atten-
Whilst true and
tion being forcibly directed to the influence of a good example (Art. 62).
on the alert to safeguard his interests, he was to be confaithful to his master, and ever
ciliatory
and kind
to
the fellows (Art. 49), and ever ready to help them, of a peaceable
disposition, to avoid giving cause of strife (Art. 57),
severity than the usages of the craft permitted
and on no account
(Art.
64).
He was
to act
to
with greater
preside
at
their
ordinary vesper meal, and to enforce a becoming frugality (Art. 59) he had power to assist a
and to engage and dismiss workmen (Art. 60), and in the master's absence succeeded
;
traveller,
to all his authority (Art. 55),
His name
According
is
even
to the extent of reducing the hours of labour (Art. 59).
The Strassburg Ordinances always call him parlierer.
given.
"
and others this word would signify the speaker," from the French parlcr,
fact, he was undoubtedly, to a certain extent, the mouthpiece of the master.
differently
to Fallou
speak and iii
But a glance at the original language of the Statutes will show that no other word there used
indicates a French origin, and the custom, since so prevalent with a certain class of German
to
;
writers and speakers, of Teutonising French words, to the great detriment of their fine old
mother tongue, had not yet arisen. Fort gives a far more probable derivation.^ The Torgau
Ordinances spell the word
places of wor.ship,
j
; and he states that, in former times amongst the Germans, all
were fenced around with a row of stakes, in modern German
piallircr
ustice, etc.,
pfahl, formerly |;«?; the guardian or warden of the enclosure
of the word
pfahlirer or pallirer, and when the real meaning
would thence take
was
forgotten,
his name,
and the present
might easily have become corrupted into parlierer.
we accept this deiivation, the conclusion is inevitable, that warden, parlierer, and pallirer
If
We have thus a clear picture of the lodge as it existed in
are identical in their signification.
office
of the holder only remembered,
the fifteenth century, and probably for
it
many
centuries previously, consisting of apprentices,
resident fellows, travelling fellows, v&FV